Modulation of the Gut Microbiota Structure and Function by Two Structurally Different Lemon Pectins

Firrman, Jenni; Mahalak, Karley K.; Bobokalonov, Jamshed; Liu, LinShu; Lee, Jung‐Jin; Bittinger, Kyle; Mattei, Lisa M.; Gadaingan, Rizalina; Narrowe, Adrienne B.; Lemons, Johanna M. S.

doi:10.3390/foods11233877

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…The higher percentage of arabinose has been linked to an increase of acetate and propionate producers in earlier research (Tomioka et al, 2022). In studies with humans and animals, pectin fermentation leads to formation of acetate over propionate and butyrate (Firrman et al, 2022;Langhout & Schutte, 1996;Larsen et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of carbohydrates determine the shape of the gut microbiota in a chicken cecal in-vitro model

Oost,

Abboud,

Velkers

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The intestinal microbiota is crucial for intestinal and overall animal health. Coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis poses significant economic burden on poultry farming. Such inflammatory intestinal diseases disrupt the gut microbiota and the addition of carbohydrates to feed can promote and sustain a stable gut microbiota. We compared the effects on microbiota composition and metabolites during fermentation of isomalto/malto-polysaccharides and high- and low methyl-esterified pectins (HMP, LMP), against a positive control, mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS), using the Chicken ALIMEntary tRact mOdel-2 (CALIMERO-2). CALIMERO-2 mimic fermentation in healthy ceca, and by spiking it with C. perfringens, we aimed to mimic fermentation in diseased chicken ceca. Pectins showed minor differences in monosaccharide composition and molecular weight. SPE8 had degree of methyl-esterification (DM) of 26 (LMP), and SPE6 and SPE7 DM of 63 (HMP). Beta-diversity was significantly similar between HMP’s SPE6 and SPE7. Bacteroidetes was dominant phylum, except for SIEM and MOS, where Firmicutes prevailed. Beneficial bacteria particularly Lactobacillus, remained stable across samples. This study advances our comprehension of the fermentability and structural impact of diverse carbohydrates on the broiler gut microbiota. Our findings underscore the potential of isomalto/malto-polysaccharides and pectins to promote intestinal health in poultry, warranting further investigations to optimize its inclusion in chicken feed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of carbohydrates determine the shape of the gut microbiota in a chicken cecal in-vitro model

Oost,

Abboud,

Velkers

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Early studies have shown that lemon pectin could increase the level of Lachnospiraceae family in the human gut, but pectin with different esterification degrees and molecular weight had different effects on the intestinal flora ( 100 ). Uncultured_bacterium_f_Lachnospiraceae exhibited potential reduces the activity of fat deposits and metabolic disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lipid-lowering effects of fenugreek gum, hawthorn pectin, and burdock inulin

et al. 2023

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ObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the lipid-lowering effects and mechanisms of fenugreek gum (FG), hawthorn pectin (HP), and burdock inulin (BI) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic rats.MethodsIn this study, high-fat diet (HFD) together with fat emulsion administration were used to establish hyperlipidemia model. The biochemical indices were assayed after administration of FG, HP, and BI. Their effects were evaluated by factor analysis. Alterations of gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecal were assessed to illustrate the mechanism of lipid lowering.ResultsThe supplementation of FG, HP, and BI on HFD-fed rats decreased the levels of serum lipid and reduced the HFD-related liver and testicle damage. In the scatter plot of factor analysis, HP and BI were closer to normal fat diet (NFD) group in restoring the severity of hyperlipidemia, while FG and HP enhanced the excretion of cholesterol and bile acids (BAs). The levels of total SCFAs, especially butyric acid reduced by HFD were increased by HP. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes increased by HFD was reduced by HP and BI. FG, HP, and BI enriched intestinal probiotics, which were related to bile acid excretion or lipid-lowering.ConclusionsFG inhibited the absorption of cholesterol and enhanced the excretion of it, as well as increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria. While BI restored the imbalance of intestinal microbiota. HP enhanced the excretion of cholesterol and BAs, and restored the imbalance of intestinal microbiota. It was also utilized by intestinal microorganisms to yield SCFAs. This study suggested that FG, HP, and BI possessed the potential to be utilized as dietary supplements for obesity management.

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“…Following overnight growth, the cultivars were maintained with daily feeding cycles in which the cultivar was provided fresh medium and pancreatic juice. Every 8 h, the volume of the cultivar was reduced to 800 mL, and 200 mL of a 70:30 defined medium: pancreatic juice mixture was added ( 51 , 52 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacterial load was determined using quantitative PCR targeting the V3/V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene as described previously ( 52 ). Primers and g block were synthesized by Integrated DNA Technologies (Skokie, IL).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preservation of conjugated primary bile acids by oxygenation of the small intestinal microbiota in vitro

Firrman,

Friedman,

Hecht

et al. 2024

mBio

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Bile acids play a critical role in the emulsification of dietary lipids, a critical step in the primary function of the small intestine, which is the digestion and absorption of food. Primary bile acids delivered into the small intestine are conjugated to enhance functionality, in part, by increasing aqueous solubility and preventing passive diffusion of bile acids out of the gut lumen. Bile acid function can be disrupted by the gut microbiota via the deconjugation of primary bile acids by bile salt hydrolases (BSHs), leading to their conversion into secondary bile acids through the expression of bacterial bile acid-inducible genes, a process often observed in malabsorption due to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. By modeling the small intestinal microbiota in vitro using human small intestinal ileostomy effluent as the inocula, we show here that the infusion of physiologically relevant levels of oxygen, normally found in the proximal small intestine, reduced deconjugation of primary bile acids, in part, through the expansion of bacterial taxa known to have a low abundance of BSHs. Further recapitulating the small intestinal bile acid composition of the small intestine, limited conversion of primary into secondary bile acids was observed. Remarkably, these effects were preserved among four separate communities, each inoculated with a different small intestinal microbiota, despite a high degree of taxonomic variability under both anoxic and aerobic conditions. In total, these results provide evidence for a previously unrecognized role that the oxygenated environment of the small intestine plays in the maintenance of normal digestive physiology. IMPORTANCE Conjugated primary bile acids are produced by the liver and exist at high concentrations in the proximal small intestine, where they are critical for proper digestion. Deconjugation of these bile acids with subsequent transformation via dehydroxylation into secondary bile acids is regulated by the colonic gut microbiota and reduces their digestive function. Using an in vitro platform modeling the small intestinal microbiota, we analyzed the ability of this community to transform primary bile acids and studied the effect of physiological levels of oxygen normally found in the proximal small intestine (5%) on this metabolic process. We found that oxygenation of the small intestinal microbiota inhibited the deconjugation of primary bile acids in vitro . These findings suggest that luminal oxygen levels normally found in the small intestine may maintain the optimal role of bile acids in the digestive process by regulating bile acid conversion by the gut microbiota.

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Modulation of the Gut Microbiota Structure and Function by Two Structurally Different Lemon Pectins

Cited by 7 publications

References 56 publications

Characteristics of carbohydrates determine the shape of the gut microbiota in a chicken cecal in-vitro model

Characteristics of carbohydrates determine the shape of the gut microbiota in a chicken cecal in-vitro model

The lipid-lowering effects of fenugreek gum, hawthorn pectin, and burdock inulin

Preservation of conjugated primary bile acids by oxygenation of the small intestinal microbiota in vitro

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