Modulation of the Effect of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Acute Colitis by the Administration of Different Probiotic Strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium

Abstract

The pathogenic mechanism of inflammatory bowel diseases is not fully understood but colonic microflora including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species may affect the induction of colonic inflammation. In this study the relative efficacy of different probiotic organisms in the prevention of colitis was compared in an induced rat colitis model. Three Lactobacillus strains and two Bifidobacterium strains were fed to Sprague-Dawley rats for 7 days prior to offering the rats 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in their drinking water to induce colitis and the administration of the probiotics continued for 7 days with the DSS. Colitis severity was assessed daily using a disease activity index (DAI). Samples were collected 7 days after colitis induction for intestinal bacterial flora and bacterial translocation. The DAI decreased significantly on days 4, 5, 6, and 7 in the Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 9843, Bifidobacterium sp. 3B1, and Bifidobacterium infantis DSM 15158 groups compared to the colitis control. It decreased significantly on days 5, 6, and 7 in the Bifidobacterium infantis DSM 15158 group compared to the Lactobacillus paracaesi DSM 13434 and Lactobacillus gasseri 5B3 groups. It also decreased significantly on day 7 in the L. plantarum DSM 9843 group compared to the L. gasseri 5B3 group. Bacterial translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes decreased significantly in all treatment groups compared to the colitis control. Enterobacteriaceae bacterial translocation to the liver decreased in all treatment groups compared to the colitis control. Administration of certain strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium significantly improves the DAI and reduces bacterial translocation, and L. plantarum DSM 9843, Bifidobacterium sp. 3B1, and Bifidobacterium infantis DSM 15158 seem to have the best effect.

On the dynamics of nitrite, nitrate and other biomarkers of nitric oxide production in inflammatory bowel disease

“…In agreement with published data [39][40][41][42][43][44] , the DAI increased gradually over the time of DSS administration, reaching a maximum of 3.11 ± 0.05 on the last day of DSS administration (day 7), and subsequently decreased to 1.55 ± 0.17 at the 4 th day after DSS cessation. The full DAI time course is shown in Fig.1.…”

Colonic infusion with Propionibacterium acidipropionici reduces severity of chemically-induced colitis in rats

“…Moreover, this administration significantly reduced the severity of the intestinal inflammation induced by TNBS, producing less damage to the mucosa and decreasing MPO activity in the colonic wall. These observations confirm previous data indicating that some probiotics may protect against experimental intestinal inflammation [6,19,21,23,31], against inflammatory bowel diseases [41] or against dysfunction of the intestinal barrier [1]. Some of these studies have hypothesized that this benefit originates from NO synthesis by probiotics [1,19].…”

Innate mechanisms for Bifidobacterium lactis to activate transient pro‐inflammatory host responses in intestinal epithelial cells after the colonization of germ‐free rats

“…39 In addition, B. infantis strain 35624 attenuated experimental chronic colitis in IL-10 -/-mice 40 and dextran sodium sulphate-induced acute colitis in Sprague-Dawley rats. 41 Furthermore, the probiotic mixture VSL#3 with eight different lactic acid bacterial species including B. longum, B. infantis and B. breve were effective in the treatment and/or treatment of experimental colitis in IL-10 -/-mice 42 as well as inflammatory bowel disease patients with pouchitis. 43,44 The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms for these beneficial health effects of bifidobacteria including their capability to activate and/or inhibit immune functions in the gut remain unclear.…”