Modulation of the Acetylcholine System in the Superior Cervical Ganglion of Rat: Effects of GABA and Hypoglossal Nerve Implantation After In Vivo GABA Treatment

Kása, P.; Dames, RW; Rakonczay, Zoltán; Gulya, Károly; Joó, Ferenc; Wolff, RJ R.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb08771.x

Cited by 17 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 48 publications

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“…Long-term application of GABA into intact rat SCG induces active innervation of implanted hypoglossal nerves in the presence of an intact preganglionic nerve supply of the ganglion [38] and has a modulatory effect on the acetylcholine system [39]. How GABA exerts its morphogenetic role is not well understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GABAA Receptor Subunit mRNAs in Rat Superior Cervical Ganglia

Liu

Burt²

1998

Pharmacology

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γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), one of the most important neurotransmitters in the brain, is also found in the periphery. GABA_A receptors are chloride channels opened by GABA whose presence in the rat superior cervical ganglion has been indicated by functional and binding measurements. We describe the first molecular data on the possible subunit composition of these receptors, detecting mRNAs for 12 subunits (α1–5, β1–3, γ1–3, δ) by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Preliminary quantitation gave highest levels (in descending order) for the γ2 (both short and long forms), β3, γ3, and α1 subunits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GABAA Receptor Subunit mRNAs in Rat Superior Cervical Ganglia

Liu

Burt²

1998

Pharmacology

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Transient GABA immunoreactivity in cranial nerves of the chick embryo

Bartheld

Rubel

1989

J of Comparative Neurology

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The distribution and time course of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunoreactivity was investigated in the cranium of the chick embryo from 2 to 16 days of incubation (E2-16). A fraction of nerve fibers transiently stains GABA-positive in all cranial motor nerves and in the vestibular nerve. Cranial motor nerves stain GABA-positive from E4 to E11, including neuromuscular junctions at E8-11; labeled fibers are most frequent in the motor trigeminal root (E6-9.5). Substantial GABA staining is present from E4 to E10 in a subpopulation (1-2%) of vestibular ganglion cells. Their peripheral processes are labeled in the vestibular endorgan, predominantly in the posterior crista. Some GABA-positive fibers are present in the olfactory nerve (after E5) and in the optic nerve (after E9.5); their immunoreactivity persists throughout the period investigated. Transient GABA immunoreactivity follows "pioneer" fiber outgrowth and coincides with the formation of early synaptic contacts. GABA-containing neurons may change their neuronal phenotype (loss of GABA expression) or they may be eliminated by embryological cell death. Periods of cell death were determined in cranial ganglia and motor nuclei by aggregations of pycnotic cells in the same embryonic material. The periods of embryonic cell death partly coincide with transient GABA immunoreactivity. The function(s) of transient GABA expression is unknown. Some lines of evidence suggest that GABA has neurotrophic functions in developing cranial nerves or their target tissue. In the developing neuromuscular junction, GABA may be involved in the regulation of acetylcholine receptors.

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Distribution of GABA‐immunoreactive nerve fibers and cells in the cervical and thoracic paravertebral sympathetic trunk of adult rat: Evidence for an ascending feed‐forward inhibition system

Wolff

Kása

Dobó

et al. 1993

J of Comparative Neurology

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Neurochemical and immunohistochemical evidence suggests that the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) contains all components of a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic transmission system, which includes GABAergic axons of unknown origin. The number of nerve fibers with and without GABA-like immunoreactivity was determined in interganglionic connectives at all cervical and thoracic levels of the paravertebral sympathetic trunk. In addition, the distribution of GABA-immunoreactive (IR) neurons was established within the ganglion chain and compared with the relative frequency of principal neurons richly innervated by GABA-IR axon terminals. The following results were obtained: 1) the total number of nerve fibers in cross sections did not significantly vary between the cervical levels, but it increased steadily from upper to lower thoracic segments; 2) in contrast, the number of GABA-IR fibers decreased from the cervical sympathetic trunk below the SCG (approximately 300 fibers) down to the seventh to tenth thoracic ganglion, below which no such fiber was seen; 3) GABA-IR nerve fibers originate from a subclass of GABA-IR cells; these are small, bipolar neurons with predominantly ascending, unmyelinated axon-like processes; 4) the number of principal neurons richly innervated by GABA-IR nerve fibers decreased from the SCG to the upper thoracic ganglia, and was very small below; and 5) apart from basket-like innervation, GABA-IR axons also formed diffuse networks around GABA-negative principal neurons predominantly in cervical and upper thoracic ganglia. These data suggest that the GABAergic innervation of paravertebral sympathetic ganglia is more complex than previously suspected. What appears as preganglionic afferents from several spinal segments (C8-Th7) innervate GABAergic neurons in the sympathetic trunk which have ascending axons and focus their inhibitory effects on the cervical sympathetic ganglia, predominantly the SCG. These data suggest that GABAergic small interganglionic neurons form a feed-forward inhibition system, which may be driven by multisegmental spinal input in the paravertebral sympathetic ganglion chain.

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Modulation of the Acetylcholine System in the Superior Cervical Ganglion of Rat: Effects of GABA and Hypoglossal Nerve Implantation After In Vivo GABA Treatment

Cited by 17 publications

References 48 publications

GABA<sub>A</sub> Receptor Subunit mRNAs in Rat Superior Cervical Ganglia

GABA<sub>A</sub> Receptor Subunit mRNAs in Rat Superior Cervical Ganglia

Transient GABA immunoreactivity in cranial nerves of the chick embryo

Distribution of GABA‐immunoreactive nerve fibers and cells in the cervical and thoracic paravertebral sympathetic trunk of adult rat: Evidence for an ascending feed‐forward inhibition system

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