Transient GABA immunoreactivity in cranial nerves of the chick embryo

Bartheld, Christopher S. von; Rubel, Edwin W.

doi:10.1002/cne.902860405

Cited by 37 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Previous studies using traditional retrograde labeling methods have reported that SON neurons are resistant to labeling (Correia et al, 1982;von Bartheld and Rubel, 1989). Our initial experiments using iontophoresis or pressure injections of fluorescently tagged dextrans confirmed these difficulties.…”

Section: In Vitro Electroporationsupporting

confidence: 77%

Avian superior olivary nucleus provides divergent inhibitory input to parallel auditory pathways

et al. 2004

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The avian auditory brainstem displays parallel processing, a fundamental feature of vertebrate sensory systems. Nuclei specialized for temporal processing are largely separate from those processing other aspects of sound. One possible exception to this parallel organization is the inhibitory input provided by the superior olivary nucleus (SON) to nucleus angularis (NA), nucleus magnocellularis (NM), and nucleus laminaris (NL) and contralateral SON (SONc). We sought to determine whether single SON neurons project to multiple targets or separate neuronal populations project independently to individual target nuclei. We introduced two different fluorescent tracer molecules into pairs of target nuclei and quantified the extent to which retrogradely labeled SON neurons were double labeled. A large proportion of double-labeled SON somata were observed in all cases in which injections were made into any pair of ipsilateral targets (NA and NM, NA and NL, or NM and NL), suggesting that many individual SON neurons project to multiple targets. In contrast, when injections involved the SONc and any or all of the ipsilateral targets, double labeling was rare, suggesting that contralateral and ipsilateral targets are innervated by distinct populations of SON neurons arising largely from regionally segregated areas of SON. Therefore, at the earliest stages of auditory processing, there is interaction between pathways specialized to process temporal cues and those that process other acoustic features. We present a conceptual model that incorporates these results and suggest that SON circuitry, in part, functions to offset interaural intensity differences in interaural time difference processing.

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Section: In Vitro Electroporationsupporting

confidence: 77%

Avian superior olivary nucleus provides divergent inhibitory input to parallel auditory pathways

et al. 2004

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“…In mice, it has been shown that GABA influences the development of the GnRH system [Fueshko et al, 1998;Bless et al, 2000]. GABA is transiently expressed during development [von Bartheld and Rubel, 1989;Barale et al, 1996;Tobet et al, 1996a], and in explants from embryonic mice, synaptic input from GABAergic cells caused spontaneous activity in GnRH neurons [Kusano et al, 1995]. The published results in other species suggest that GnRH neurons possess GABA receptors and are responsive to GABA early in development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

The Spatial Relationship of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Neurons and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neurons in Larval and Adult Sea Lamprey, <i>Petromyzon marinus</i>

et al. 2002

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In this study we examined the spatial relationship of GABA-containing and GnRH-containing neurons by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization in larval and adult brains of sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. In immunocytochemical studies, GABA-containing neurons were detected early in lamprey development, by day 20 post-fertilization. At this time point, one population of GABA-containing neurons was visualized in the hypothalamus and preoptic area, and another population was located in the olfactory bulb of the telencephalon. By day 30 after fertilization, after the GABA neurons were detected, GnRH-containing neurons were visualized in the preoptic area/rostral hypothalamus region, adjacent to the GABA-containing neurons in the wall of the third ventricle. Similarly, in adult lamprey brains distinct populations of both GABA- and GnRH-containing neurons were located in the hypothalamus adjacent to the third ventricle. To further establish a proximate relationship between GABA and GnRH, the mRNA for glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), the enzyme catalyzing GABA synthesis from glutamate, and GnRH were examined by in situ hybridization in the brains of larval lamprey. These studies also showed that GnRH and GAD are produced in cell populations in and around the third ventricle of the hypothalamus. This close spatial relationship of GABA neurons and GnRH neurons provides a basis for a regulatory role of GABA on GnRH neurons in the sea lamprey.

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“…Whilst the role of GABA in undifferentiated cells remains unknown, some lines of evidence suggest that GABA has neurotrophic effects on developing cranial nerves or their target tissue (von Bartheld et al, 1989). In fact, it has been shown that some of the GABAergic interneurons of the OB are derived from the subventricular zone (Betarbet et al, 1996).…”

Section: Olfactory Bulb-like Structures In the Sey Neu Mutantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for intrinsic development of olfactory structures inPax-6 mutant mice

et al. 2000

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It has been reported that the arrival of primary olfactory axons is required to induce the development of the olfactory bulb (OB). On the other hand, the Sey(Neu)/Sey(Neu) mutant mouse (Small eye) has been previously described as a model for the absence of olfactory bulbs, owing to the lack of olfactory epithelium (OE). In the present report, we take advantage of this mutant and study a neural structure in the rostral pole of the telencephalon that phenotypically resembles the prospective OB. We named this formation olfactory bulb-like structure (OBLS). We also report the occurrence, in the mutants, of small epithelial vesicles in the malformed craneofacial pits, resembling an atrophic OE, although a mature olfactory nerve was not identified. Axonal tracing, birthdating, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization using antibodies and probes expressed in the olfactory system, indicated that two distinct structures observed in the OBLS correspond to the main and accessory olfactory bulbs of the control mouse. We propose that the OBLS has developed independently of the external influences exerted by the olfactory nerve. The presence of a prospective OB in the mutants, without intervening olfactory fibers, suggests that intrinsic factors could define brain territories even in absence of the proper afferent innervation. The intrinsic mechanisms and environmental cues in the telencephalon could be sufficient to promote axonogenesis in the projection neurons of the OB and guide their axons in a lateral prospective tract, in the absence of olfactory axons.

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Transient GABA immunoreactivity in cranial nerves of the chick embryo

Cited by 37 publications

References 81 publications

Avian superior olivary nucleus provides divergent inhibitory input to parallel auditory pathways

Avian superior olivary nucleus provides divergent inhibitory input to parallel auditory pathways

The Spatial Relationship of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Neurons and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neurons in Larval and Adult Sea Lamprey, <i>Petromyzon marinus</i>

Evidence for intrinsic development of olfactory structures inPax-6 mutant mice

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