Modulation of neural fMRI responses to visual food cues by overeating and fasting interventions: A preliminary study

Kerem, Liya; Holsen, Laura M.; Fazeli, Pouneh K.; Bredella, Miriam A.; Mancuso, Christopher; Resulaj, Megi; Holmes, Tara M.; Klibanski, Anne; Lawson, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.14814/phy2.14639

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Blunted activation of the insula is thought to result in overeating and subsequent obesity [ 56 ]. Conversely, overeating or obesity can further reduce the neural response to food cues, especially in hypothalamus and insular cortex, thereby leading to a vicious cycle [ 57 , 58 ]. Thus, the common GMV deficits in bilateral insula may represent a key intersection point for both SZ and overweight/obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gray matter reduction in bilateral insula mediating adverse psychiatric effects of body mass index in schizophrenia

Dai²,

Aizezi³

et al. 2022

BMC Psychiatry

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Background Both schizophrenia (SZ) and overweight/obesity (OWB) have shown some structural alterations in similar brain regions. As higher body mass index (BMI) often contributes to worse psychiatric outcomes in SZ, this study was designed to examine the effects of OWB on gray matter volume (GMV) in patients with SZ. Methods Two hundred fifty subjects were included and stratified into four groups (n = 69, SZ patients with OWB, SZ-OWB; n = 74, SZ patients with normal weight, SZ-NW; n = 54, healthy controls with OWB, HC-OWB; and n = 53, HC with NW, HC-NW). All participants were scanned using high-resolution T1-weighted sequence. The whole-brain voxel-based morphometry was applied to examine the GMV alterations, and a 2 × 2 full factorial analysis of variance was performed to identify the main effects of diagnosis (SZ vs HC), BMI (NW vs OWB) factors, and their interactions. Further, the post hoc analysis was conducted to compare the pairwise differences in GMV alterations. Results The main effects of diagnosis were located in right hippocampus, bilateral insula, rectus, median cingulate/paracingulate gyri and thalamus (SZ < HC); while the main effects of BMI were displayed in right amygdala, left hippocampus, bilateral insula, left lingual gyrus, and right superior temporal gyrus (OWB < NW). There were no significant diagnosis-by-BMI interaction effects in the present study, but the results showed that both SZ and OWB were additively associated with lower GMV in bilateral insula. Moreover, mediation analyses revealed the indirect effect of BMI on negative symptom via GMV reduction in bilateral insula. Conclusion This study further supports that higher BMI is associated with lower GMV, which may increase the risk of unfavourable disease courses in SZ.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gray matter reduction in bilateral insula mediating adverse psychiatric effects of body mass index in schizophrenia

Dai²,

Aizezi³

et al. 2022

BMC Psychiatry

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“…Moreover, oxytocin has been shown to suppress the fMRI response to palatable visual food stimuli in the hypothalamus, which has a role in homeostatic regulation of food intake, as well as additional brain areas representing reward processing (e.g., VTA, orbitofrontal cortex, insula, hippocampus, and amygdala). Finally, oxytocin administration resulted in the enhancement of fMRI activation of cognitive-control brain areas (e.g., anterior cingulate gyrus) in response to palatable food images and improved cognitive control in a behavioral task, thus potentially supporting the role of oxytocin in inhibition of food intake [ 221 , 223 , 237 , 270 ]. Still, important challenges remain in translating this body of work to routine patient care.…”

Section: Oxytocin As a Therapeutic Agent In Obesity And Metabolic Syndrome—promise Fundamental Challenges And Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Oxytocin on Appetite Regulation, Food Intake and Metabolism in Humans

Kerem

Lawson

2021

IJMS

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The hypothalamic peptide oxytocin and its receptor are involved in a range of physiological processes, including parturition, lactation, cell growth, wound healing, and social behavior. More recently, increasing evidence has established the effects of oxytocin on food intake, energy expenditure, and peripheral metabolism. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the central oxytocinergic system in which oxytocin acts to shape eating behavior and metabolism. Next, we discuss the peripheral beneficial effects oxytocin exerts on key metabolic organs, including suppression of visceral adipose tissue inflammation, skeletal muscle regeneration, and bone tissue mineralization. A brief summary of oxytocin actions learned from animal models is presented, showing that weight loss induced by chronic oxytocin treatment is related not only to its anorexigenic effects, but also to the resulting increase in energy expenditure and lipolysis. Following an in-depth discussion on the technical challenges related to endogenous oxytocin measurements in humans, we synthesize data related to the association between endogenous oxytocin levels, weight status, metabolic syndrome, and bone health. We then review clinical trials showing that in humans, acute oxytocin administration reduces food intake, attenuates fMRI activation of food motivation brain areas, and increases activation of self-control brain regions. Further strengthening the role of oxytocin in appetite regulation, we review conditions of hypothalamic insult and certain genetic pathologies associated with oxytocin depletion that present with hyperphagia, extreme weight gain, and poor metabolic profile. Intranasal oxytocin is currently being evaluated in human clinical trials to learn whether oxytocin-based therapeutics can be used to treat obesity and its associated sequela. At the end of this review, we address the fundamental challenges that remain in translating this line of research to clinical care.

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“…However, it gives poor spatial resolution and lacks functional brain area localization. In comparison, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which utilizes blood oxygen leveldependent (BOLD) signals that respond to changes in neural activation, can non-invasively assess changes in activity in multiple brain sites in response to cardiac stress challenges (Kerem et al, 2021). In contrast to task-state fMRI, resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) is acquired in the resting state without stimulus or task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered spontaneous brain activity during dobutamine challenge in healthy young adults: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

et al. 2023

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IntroductionThere is a growing interest in exploring brain-heart interactions. However, few studies have investigated the brain-heart interactions in healthy populations, especially in healthy young adults. The aim of this study was to explore the association between cardiovascular and spontaneous brain activities during dobutamine infusion in healthy young adults.MethodsForty-eight right-handed healthy participants (43 males and 5 females, range: 22–34 years) underwent vital signs monitoring, cognitive function assessment and brain MRI scans. Cardiovascular function was evaluated using blood pressure and heart rate, while two resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) methods—regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF)—were used together to reflect the local neural activity of the brain. Logistic regression was used to model the association between brain and heart.ResultsResults showed that blood pressure and heart rate significantly increased after dobutamine infusion, and the performance in brain functional activity was the decrease in ReHo in the left gyrus rectus and in ALFF in the left frontal superior orbital. The results of logistic regression showed that the difference of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) had significant positive relationship with the degree of change of ReHo, while the difference of systolic blood pressure (SBP) had significant negative impact on the degree of change in ALFF.DiscussionThese findings suggest that the brain-heart interactions exist in healthy young adults under acute cardiovascular alterations, and more attention should be paid to blood pressure changes in young adults and assessment of frontal lobe function to provide them with more effective health protection management.

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Modulation of neural fMRI responses to visual food cues by overeating and fasting interventions: A preliminary study

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Gray matter reduction in bilateral insula mediating adverse psychiatric effects of body mass index in schizophrenia

Gray matter reduction in bilateral insula mediating adverse psychiatric effects of body mass index in schizophrenia

The Effects of Oxytocin on Appetite Regulation, Food Intake and Metabolism in Humans

Altered spontaneous brain activity during dobutamine challenge in healthy young adults: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

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