1998
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(98)70073-3
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Modulation of myofascial pain by the reproductive hormones: A preliminary report

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Cited by 105 publications
(86 citation statements)
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“…This is accordance with many studies [14,36,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. The best explanation for that pain-free days than women suffering hormonal fl uctuations related to their naturally occurring menstrual cycles; nevertheless, the differences were not statistically signifi cant and a predominant temporal pattern could not be discerned in this small sample [49]. In the normal menstrual cycle, estrogen levels are at their lowest during menses.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…This is accordance with many studies [14,36,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. The best explanation for that pain-free days than women suffering hormonal fl uctuations related to their naturally occurring menstrual cycles; nevertheless, the differences were not statistically signifi cant and a predominant temporal pattern could not be discerned in this small sample [49]. In the normal menstrual cycle, estrogen levels are at their lowest during menses.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…5,19,20 A previous study indicates that women report more severe pain, more frequent pain, and pain of longer duration than do men. 21 At the level of masticatory muscles, myofascial pain has been reported to worsen during the menstrual and premenstrual periods 22 . In our study, all the participants were healthy subjects and JOP01-16-R 9 intervals of mechanical stimulation were short time periods (i.e.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A number of authors have studied the possible relationship between sexual differences and orofacial pain [2]- [5] [8]- [10] [13] [18]. Methodological differences and problems associated with most experimental pain studies, however, do not provide any definitive conclusion [13].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Also, the prescription of exogenous estrogen in the form of estrogen replacement in menopause or oral contraceptives during reproductive years may increase the risk of TMD [10] [11]. Some authors verified a slightly increased risk of TMD for oral contraceptives (OCs) users; however they could not attribute their results to a specific hormone, because the majority of pills were combination of estrogen and progestin [11].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%