Modulation of innate immune responses in Atlantic salmon by chronic hypoxia-induced stress

Kvamme, Bjørn; Gadan, Koestan; Finne-Fridell, Frode; Niklasson, L.; Sundh, Henrik; Sundell, Kristina; Taranger, Geir Lasse; Evensen, Øystein

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2012.10.006

Cited by 80 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The TNF superfamily contains approximately 19 protein constituents and they are responsible for inducing immune cell relocation, apoptosis, and leukocyte differentiation [65]. TNF-A has been found to initiate macrophages to the inflammatory site, command neutrophil migration, and heighten the respiratory burst potential [66]. The next phase in cytokine solicitation may be the interleukin modulation.…”

Section: Teleost Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…COX-2 is a pro-inflammatory gene that is also stimulated by IL-1B and aids in the expression of MHC class II macrophages [62]. Following further macrophage recruitment, the interleukins also contain the ability to activate cortisol release via the hypothalamic-pituitaryinterrenal axis to alleviate symptoms associated with the infection [66]. IL-B and IL-A are often first to be produced as a result of infection and may further propagate interleukin production for enhanced specificity to the inflammation [63].…”

Section: Teleost Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Immune System Components, Cytokines, and Immunostimulants in Cultured Finfish Species

Bruce¹,

Brown²

2017

OJAS

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Aquaculture is a rapidly growing global agriculture sector and the importance of fish health has become of upmost importance as production levels and stocking densities increase. Over the past few decades, there have been a large number of immunological investigations on commonly cultured finfish species. Further, new technologies and strategies that embody use of fish immunostimulants, probiotics, and vaccinology rely heavily upon a comprehensive understanding of teleost immune system mechanics. The teleost immune system works in concert to properly recognize, control, and clear aquatic pathogens. Recent findings have exemplified the cooperative efforts of the nonspecific and adaptive branches, and have put forth an emphasis on the importance of the mucosal immune response in all aspects of a mounted immune response. This review provides a generalized overview of the innate and adaptive arms of the fish immune system, and provides highlights of recently published work in the areas of signaling networks and mucosal immune interactions.

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Section: Teleost Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Teleost Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Immune System Components, Cytokines, and Immunostimulants in Cultured Finfish Species

Bruce¹,

Brown²

2017

OJAS

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“…In fish, the intestinal mucosal immune relies largely on their immune function [8], which is closely related to antibacterial compounds like LA, ACP, C3, and antimicrobial peptides like liverexpressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) and hepcidin [9,10]. Several studies showed that LA, ACP and C3 were proved to be soluble proteins [60e62].…”

Section: Pa Deficiency and Excess Decreased Mucosal Immune Function Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fish, the intestinal mucosal immune largely depends on their immune function [8], which is related to antibacterial compounds like lysozyme (LA), acid phosphatase (ACP), complement and antimicrobial peptides [9,10], and cytokines like interleukin 10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b) and interferon-g (IFN-g) [2]. The gene expression of cytokines is regulated by intracellular nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathways in fish [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary pantothenic acid deficiency and excess depress the growth, intestinal mucosal immune and physical functions by regulating NF-κB, TOR, Nrf2 and MLCK signaling pathways in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Feng

Jiang

et al. 2015

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…Poor DO conditions are exacerbated in aquaculture cages due to restricted water movement, nutrient loading and locally increased biomass (Johansson et al 2006, Oppedal et al 2011b, Burt et al 2012, and are becoming more common as global temperatures rise (Gruber 2011). In extreme cases, acute hypoxia results in mass mortal-ity (Thronson & Quigg 2008, Stauffer et al 2012; in less extreme cases, sub-optimal DO concentrations result in decreased growth, appetite, immune function, swimming performance and fish welfare (Oppedal et al 2011a, Remen et al 2012, Burt et al 2013, Kvamme et al 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen gradients affect behaviour of caged Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Oldham¹,

Dempster²,

Fosse³

et al. 2017

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions in marine aquaculture cages are heterogeneous and fluctuate rapidly. Here, by temporarily wrapping a tarpaulin around the top 0 to 6 m of a marine cage (~2000 m 3 ), we manipulated DO to evaluate the behavioural response of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar to hypoxia. Videos were recorded before, during and after DO manipulation at 3 m depth while vertical profiles of temperature, salinity, DO and fish density were continuously measured. The trial was repeated 4 times over a 2 wk period. Temperature and salinity profiles varied little across treatment periods; however, DO saturation was reduced at all depths in all replicate trials during the tarpaulin treatment compared to the periods before or after. In 3 out of 4 trials, swim speeds were 1.5 to 2.7 times slower during the tarpaulin treatment than the before or after periods. Significant changes in vertical distribution of fish density and DO were observed between treatment periods in all replicate trials; salmon swam either above or below the most hypoxic depth layer (59 to 62% DO saturation). In a regression tree analysis, the relative influence of DO in determining fish distribution was 17%, while temperature (39%) and salinity (44%) explained the majority of variation. Our results demonstrate that salmon are capable of modifying their distribution and possibly activity levels in response to intermediate DO levels, but that DO is not a primary driver of behaviour at the saturation levels examined in this study.

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Modulation of innate immune responses in Atlantic salmon by chronic hypoxia-induced stress

Cited by 80 publications

References 58 publications

A Review of Immune System Components, Cytokines, and Immunostimulants in Cultured Finfish Species

A Review of Immune System Components, Cytokines, and Immunostimulants in Cultured Finfish Species

Dietary pantothenic acid deficiency and excess depress the growth, intestinal mucosal immune and physical functions by regulating NF-κB, TOR, Nrf2 and MLCK signaling pathways in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Oxygen gradients affect behaviour of caged Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

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