Modulation of inflammation response to murine cutaneous Leishmaniasis by homeopathic medicines: Antimonium crudum 30cH

Santana, Fabiana; Coelho, Cidéli de Paula; Cardoso, Thayná Neves; Hurtado, Elizabeth Cristina Perez; Benites, Nilson Roberti; Laurenti, Márcia Dalastra; Bonamin, Leoni Villano

doi:10.1016/j.homp.2014.08.006

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…20 Moreover, this correspondence was in accordance with in vivo effects of the same medicine. 21 Similar correlations have been described using ultra-high dilutions of Silicea terra and Phosphorus. 23,40,41 The studies described above have all been performed under highly controlled conditions, using milliliter volumes of liquids, as is usually the case in laboratory-based work.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…A previous study developed in our laboratory on the physicochemical properties of the drug Antimonium crudum 19,20 has shown that absorbance variations of solvatochromic dyes presented a clear relation with the biological effects of this drug in vitro and in vivo. 21,22 These findings suggest that solvatochromic dyes could be used as physico-chemical probes of biologically active high dilutions of different substances beyond Avogadro's number, based on dipole moment changes. 23 Discovering if solvatochromic dyes are sensitive enough to detect changes in the polarity of large water volumes would be a critical step in evaluating the plausibility of using high dilutions in many field situations, such as environmental management, 24 organic agriculture 25 and in herd, broiler, and fish breeding, with a view to improving productivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Interaction between Solvatochromic Dyes and Water Sampled from a Natural Source Treated with High Dilutions of Phosphorus

et al. 2020

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Background Highly diluted and succussed solutions interact with solvatochromic dyes, indicating that changes in solvent and solute polarity could be related to their mechanism of action. It is not known, however, how the activity associated with succussed high dilutions is transferred to untreated water and what the limits of this process are. Aims The aims of the present study were to ascertain whether a succussed high dilution of phosphorus (1.5 × 1−59 M; Phos 30cH) seeded into a natural water source that fed a fjord and two connected lakes could propagate itself through the lake system (total volume 2200 m3) and, moreover, whether the process could be tracked using solvatochromic dyes. Methods Samples of water were collected before and after seeding, at different times and places throughout the lake system. Controls comprised water taken from an untreated and adjacent, but independent, lake (1385 m3). Results Water samples taken up to 72 hours after the source treatment produced significant increases (p ≤ 0.03) in the absorbance of the solvatochromic dye methylene violet (MV), while samples from the control lake produced no changes. Conclusions The study indicates that activity associated with Phos 30c can propagate itself through large volumes of water, causing changes throughout a whole connected lake system, and that these changes can be tracked using the solvatochromic dye MV. This in turn means the use of homeopathic medicines in large volumes of drinking water, in farming and ecological contexts, now has the potential to be assessed with physico-chemical monitoring.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Interaction between Solvatochromic Dyes and Water Sampled from a Natural Source Treated with High Dilutions of Phosphorus

et al. 2020

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“…Infection of macrophages in-vitro can provide a sensitive translational model for understanding the effects of highly diluted substances on the immune response. This model was previously validated by the results obtained in Leishmania amazonensis-infected macrophages treated with various homeopathic protocols, [13][14][15] which are related closely to observations obtained in-vivo. Using various models of macrophage challenge with other micro-organisms, our team has previously shown that highly diluted medicines, instead of killing the micro-organisms, facilitate the organization of a more effective pattern of macrophage response and arrest the parasite's life cycle.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Using various models of macrophage challenge with other micro-organisms, our team has previously shown that highly diluted medicines, instead of killing the micro-organisms, facilitate the organization of a more effective pattern of macrophage response and arrest the parasite's life cycle. [8][9][10][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] For this reason, a similar model was designed herein to explain the clinical results, and avoiding new in-vivo experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Homeopathic Phosphorus on Encephalitozoon cuniculi-Infected Macrophages In-Vitro

et al. 2019

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Introduction Encephalitozoon cuniculi (E. cuniculi), a fungus that acts as an intracellular pathogen, causes a marked neurological syndrome in many host species and is a zoonotic concern. Although no well-established treatment for this syndrome is known, previous successful clinical experience using homeopathic phosphorus has been described in which symptom remission with no mortality occurred in 40/42 animals by means of unknown immunological mechanisms. The latter observation was the main motivation for this study. Objective To verify, in an in-vitro model, if macrophages infected with E. cuniculi can change in function after treatment with different potencies of phosphorus. Materials and Methods RAW 264.7 macrophages were infected with E. cuniculi in-vitro and treated with various homeopathic potencies of phosphorus. The vehicle was used as a control solution (0.06% succussed ethanol). After 1 and 24 hours, the following parameters were analyzed: parasite internalization (by the Calcofluor staining method), lysosome activity (by the acridine orange method), cytokine/chemokine production (by the MAGPIX system), and cell ultrastructure. Automatic image analysis was used when applicable, and the experiments were performed in triplicate. Results Treatment with vehicle alone increased interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and monocyte chemotactic protein -1 production (p ≤ 0.05) and reduced the number of internalized parasites (p ≤ 0.001). A progressive and time-dependent increase in RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted) and lysosome activity (p ≤ 0.002) was observed only after treatment with the highest potency of phosphorus (Phos 200cH), together with decreased apoptosis rate, intense parasite digestion, and the presence of non-internalized spores. Conclusions Phos 200 cH has a modulatory action on the activity of infected macrophages, especially a specific increase in RANTES, a key element in the prognosis of E. cuniculi-infected and of immunosuppressed patients bearing infections.

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“…16 In another study, Antimonium crudum 30c was found to inhibit the chronic inflammatory response in mice experimentally infected with CL and reduced the lesion size. 29 It was later identified that the clinical improvement was due to the reduction in certain cytokines, which had increased in response to the infection, and the blocking of chemokine CCL2 (MCP-1), known for monocyte recruitment and parasite multiplication. 30 Similarly, in the present investigation, the decrease in infection may be due to an improvement in the suppressed immune system caused by VL.…”

Section: Parasite Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Iodium 30c on Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis

et al. 2020

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Background Leishmaniasis is one of several neglected tropical diseases that warrant serious attention. A disease of socio-economically poor people, it demands safer and cheaper drugs that help to overcome the limitations faced by the existing anti-leishmanials. Complementary or traditional medicines might be a good option, with an added advantage that resistance may not develop against these drugs. Thus, the present investigation was performed to evaluate the anti-leishmanial efficacy of an ultra-diluted homeopathic medicine (Iodium 30c) in experimental visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Methods Compliant with strict ethical standards in animal experimentation, the study was performed in-vivo in inbred BALB/c mice which were injected intravenously with 1 × 107 promastigotes of Leishmania donovani before (therapeutic) or after (prophylactic) treatment with Iodium 30c for 30 days. In other groups of mice (n = 6 per group), amphotericin B served as positive control, infected animals as the disease control, while the naïve controls included normal animals; animals receiving only Iodium 30c or Alcohol 30c served as sham controls. The anti-leishmanial efficacy was assessed by determining the hepatic parasite load and analysing percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Biochemical analysis and histological studies were performed to check any toxicities. Results Iodium-treated animals showed a significantly reduced parasite load (to 1503 ± 39 Leishman Donovan Units, LDU) as compared with the infected controls (4489 ± 256 LDU) (p < 0.05): thus, the mean therapeutic efficacy of Iodium 30c was 66.5%. In addition, the population of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was significantly increased (p < 0.05) after treatment. No toxicity was observed, as evidenced from biochemical and histopathological studies of the liver and kidneys. Efficacy of Iodium 30c prophylaxis was 58.3%, while the therapeutic efficacy of amphotericin B was 85.9%. Conclusion This original study has shown that Iodium 30c had significant impact in controlling parasite replication in experimental VL, though the effect was less than that using standard pharmaceutical treatment.

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Modulation of inflammation response to murine cutaneous Leishmaniasis by homeopathic medicines: Antimonium crudum 30cH

Cited by 23 publications

References 60 publications

Interaction between Solvatochromic Dyes and Water Sampled from a Natural Source Treated with High Dilutions of Phosphorus

Interaction between Solvatochromic Dyes and Water Sampled from a Natural Source Treated with High Dilutions of Phosphorus

Effects of Homeopathic Phosphorus on Encephalitozoon cuniculi-Infected Macrophages In-Vitro

The Effect of Iodium 30c on Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis

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