Modulation of indomethacin‐induced gastric injury by spermine and taurine in rats

Abstract

This study investigated the involvement of neutrophil infiltration, nitric oxide (NO) generation, and oxidative stress in indomethacin-induced ulcer and the possible gastroprotective potentials of spermine and taurine, known for their tissue regenerating and antioxidant effects, respectively. Male Wistar albino rats (180-220 g) were allocated into a normal control group, ulcer control group (received a single dose of indomethacin 40 mg-kg p.o.), and two ulcer groups pretreated with spermine (150 mg-kg p.o. 1 h before ulcer induction) and taurine (250 mg-kg i.p. for three consecutive days before ulcer induction). The animals were killed 6 h after indomethacin administration, and the gastric juice, serum, and mucosal tissue were used for gastric injury evaluation. Both modulators significantly ameliorated the indomethacin-induced gastric lesions in glandular mucosa. Notably, spermine exhibited the most pronounced effect as manifested by great reduction in the gastric ulcer index, normalization of the elevated gastric acidity, and triggering of mucin production. Spermine and taurine were able to decrease the elevated levels of gastric myeloperoxidase, conjugated diene, and serum NO. However, the lowered tissue NO content was markedly elevated only by taurine. The antioxidant action of taurine was illustrated by restoration of the depressed content of glutathione, normalization of the inhibited activities of glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase. These results suggest that spermine and taurine confer significant gastroprotection against indomethacin-induced gastric injury with the priority of spermine.

Taurine zinc solid dispersions protect against cold-restraint stress-induced gastric ulceration by upregulating HSP70 and exerting an anxiolytic effect

“…Taurine (2-amino ethanesulfonic acid) is an amino acid conferred significant gastroprotection against indomethacin-induced gastric injury by preventing glutathione depletion and maintaining glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase activity (Motawi et al, 2007). Taurine also exerted a prophylactic effect against induction of gastric mucosal lesions by water immersion restraint stress, suggesting taurine may have a potential clinical benefit for preventing stress-associated gastritis (Ma et al, 2009).…”

Structure-Based Design of Benzimidazole Sugar Conjugates: Synthesis, SAR and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activities

“…The solvent was evaporated and the product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate/methanol, 3:1:0.2); to give 6 as white needles (yield: 91%); m.p. : 160-162 °C; 1 (3R,4R)-1-Allyl-3,4-dihydroxy-2-((2-methyl-1-H-benzimidazol-1-yl)…”

“…A stirred solution of 1-hydroxymethyl-2-methylbenzimidazole (0.81 g, 5.0 mmol) in dry dichloromethane (20 mL) and trichloroacetonitrile (5 mL, 50 mmol) was treated with DBU (71 L) at room temperature and then left for 10 h. The solvent was evaporated and the product was purified by column chromatography (5% triethylamine in toluene) to give 3 as pale yellow oil (yield: 1.14 g, 75%); 1 …”

“…The residue was dissolved in H 2 O and treated with Amberlite CG-400 anion exchange resin (hydroxide form) until the solution reached neutral pH. Water was removed under vacuum and the product was purified by column chromatography to give 10 as yellow oil (yield: 48%); 1 …”

“…Longterm use of these drugs has been associated with gastrointestinal (GI) ulceration, bleeding, and nephrotoxicity [1]. The GI damage from NSAIDs is generally attributed to two factors, firstly, local irritation by the carboxylic acid group present in many NSAIDs (topical effect); and secondly, decreased tissue prostaglandin production, which undermines the physiological role of cytoprotective prostaglandins in maintaining GI health and homeostasis [2].…”