Modulation of gastric hemorrhage and ulceration by oxidative stress and histamine release in Salmonella typhimurium-infected rats

Abstract

Infection with Salmonella typhimurium can produce multiple organ dysfunctions. However, document concerning with gastric hemorrhagic ulcers occur in this infectious disease is lacking. The aim was to study modulation of gastric hemorrhagic ulcer by oxidative stress and mast cell histamine in S. typhimurium-infected rats. Additionally, the protective effects of drugs, such as ofloxacin, lysozyme chloride, ketotifen, ranitidine, and several antioxidants, including exogenous glutathione (GSH), allopurinol and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were evaluated. Male Wistar rats were injected intrajejunally with a live culture of S. typhimurium (1 x 10(10) colony-forming units/rat) and followed by deprivation of food for 36 h. Age-matched control rats received sterilized vehicle only. Rat stomachs were irrigated for 3 h with either normal saline or a simulated gastric juice containing 100 mM HCl, 17.4 mM pepsin and 54 mM NaCl. S. typhimurium caused aggravation of offensive factors, including enhancing gastric acid back-diffusion, mucosal lipid peroxide generation, histamine release, microvascular permeability and hemorrhagic ulcer, as well as an attenuation of defensive substances, such as mucosal GSH and mucus level. Intragastric irrigation of gastric juice caused further aggravation of these gastric biochemical parameters. This exacerbation of ulcerogenic factors was abolished by pretreatment of ofloxacin and lysozyme chloride. Antioxidants, such as reduced GSH, allopurinol and DMSO also produced significant (P < 0.05) amelioration of gastric damage in S. typhimurium infected rats. In conclusion, gastric oxidative stress and histamine play pivotal roles in the formation of hemorrhagic ulcers that were effectively ameliorated by ofloxacin, lysozyme chloride, ketotifen, ranitidine, diamine oxidase and various antioxidants in S. typhimurium-infected rats.

Oseltamivir and indomethacin reduce the oxidative stress in brain and stomach of infected rats

“…These findings suggest that infection by Salmonella typhimurium can produce multiple organ dysfunctions as hemorrhage and ulcerations as previously reported (21). The nitric oxide increased in stomach of rats exposed to Salmonella typhimurium due to reduced Glutathione (GSH) as was shown in previous studies carried out in our laboratory (22).…”

Antiulcer Activities of &lt;i&gt;Commiphora molmol&lt;/i&gt; (Myrrh) Extract in Male Rats

“…Although in most of the cases the etiology of ulcers is unknown, it generally accepted that it results from an imbalance between aggressive factors and the maintenance of the mucosal integrity via endogenous defense mechanisms. The increases in gastric acid secretion, pepsin activity and oxidative stress in the gastric mucosa, and decreases in mucous and bicarbonate secretion are factors implicated in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcers [33] [34].…”

Role ofBlepharis maderaspatensisandAmmannia bacciferaplant extracts onin vitrooxygen radical scavenging, secretion of gastric fluid and gastroprotection on ulcer induced rats

“…Variety of factors have been engaged in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcers such as elevated gastric acid secretion, pepsin activity, and oxidative stress in the gastric mucosa, and a diminished mucous and bicarbonate secretion (Wallace & Granger, 1996;Granger et al, 1986;Tandon et al, 2004;Hung, 2005). Most of the antiulcer compounds or extracts are recognized for their scavenging activities on free radicals in the process of ulcer healing.…”