Modulation of catalytic and biomolecular binding properties of ruthenium(II)-arene complexes with the variation of coligands for selective toxicity against cancerous cells

Cancer-Targeted Chitosan–Biotin-Conjugated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Carriers of Zinc Complexes to Achieve Enhanced Chemotherapy In Vitro and In Vivo

“…Metastasis in a later phase of cancer is very dangerous. Nonmalignant cells or tissues can easily get affected through long-distance migration malignant of cancer cells and therefore cause serious damage to the healthy cells . To reduce the chances in the migration of cancerous cells to other organs, inhibiting the metastasis phase is a crucial need for advanced chemotherapy.…”

“…These nuclear morphological changes during apoptosis were further investigated by exploring the double-staining assay with DNA binding dyes; for example, Hoechst and propidium iodide (PI). The Hoechst dye possesses cell permeable aptitude, which stain both live and dead cells; however, PI is a membrane-impermeable dye that normally prevents the staining of live cells. , Noteworthy morphological disruptions were seen with the aid of confocal microscopy when cancer cells were incubated in the presence of synthesized compounds at their IC 50 concentrations. As depicted in Figure d, Hoechst stains both viable and apoptotic nuclei with bright-blue fluorescence, whereas intense red fluorescence with condensed and fragmented nuclei was observed by staining with PI.…”

Studies on anticancer properties with varying co-ligands in a Ru(ii) arene benzimidazole system

“…As a result, all of the complexes can catalyze the oxidation reaction of NADH, causing oxidative stress in tumour cells and ultimately leading to apoptosis. 14 Additionally, we used untreated HeLa cells as control. The HeLa cells in the experiment were treated with complexes close to their IC 50 values to examine the capacity of each compound to induce the production of ROS.…”

“…11,12 Half sandwich arene ruthenium(II) complexes [(η 6 -arene)Ru (X)(Y)(Z)], in particular, have attracted attention as promising candidates for anticancer activities. 13,14 They are a class of compounds having a piano stool geometry (Fig. 1), where X and Y are either a bidentate ligand or two monodentate ligands while the remaining ligand (Z), often a halogen, generally acts as a leaving group.…”

Development of Mononuclear (Arene) Ruthenium Complexes as Anticancer Agents: A Review

“…In the search of anticancer agents containing metals other than platinum, the most promising one was found to be ruthenium. Ruthenium and osmium metallodrugs were originally designed to mimic the action of platinum in which, DNA was considered to be the primary target (Pragti et al, 2021). However, this perspective changed considerably during the last decade, because it was experimentally proven that ruthenium based anticancer drugs showed high potential as cytotoxic and cytostatic drugs which followed novel action mechanisms.…”