Modulation of carrageenan-induced hind paw edema by substance P

Abstract

Substance P has been implicated as a mediator of inflammation. The involvement of this neuropeptide in carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in the rat was assessed. Subcutaneous injection of carrageenan into the rat paw caused a significant increase in substance P levels, which preceded the onset of inflammation. While injection of substance P alone caused mild edema, coadministration of submaximal doses of carrageenan and substance P resulted in a synergistic exacerbation in the degree of inflammation. This synergistic response was not detected when the nonamidated precursor of substance P was coinjected with carrageenan. The effects of substance P depletion on inflammation were also evaluated. In animals pretreated with capsaicin followed by injection with carrageenan, no significant increase in either the levels of substance P or the extent of edema was observed when compared to capsaicin-treated controls. These results indicate that substance P may play an important role in the early stages of carrageenan-induced paw edema and that a reduction in the biosynthesis of substance P may lessen the severity of this inflammatory response.

Spinal cord adenosine receptor stimulation in rats inhibits peripheral neutrophil accumulation. The role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.

“…When carrageenan was injected into airpouches, increased levels of several inflammatory mediators were detected, in line with earlier reports regarding TNF-␣ (31) and substance P (32). Neither of these were decreased after intrathecal NMDA antagonist injection.…”

Activité anti-inflammatoire de l'extrait aqueux des feuilles de <i>Elaeis guineensis</i> Jacq. (ARECACEAE) sur l'oedème aigu de la patte de rat induit par la carraghènine

“…Une phase initiale, qui se produit entre 0 et 2,5 heures après l'injection de l'agent phlogogène attribuée à l'action de médiateurs tels que l'histamine, la sérotonine et la bradykinine sur la perméabilité vasculaire (Maity et al, 1998). Une phase retard, qui est le résultat de la surproduction des prostaglandines dans les tissus, médiée par la cyclo-oxygénase (COX) (Gilligan et al, 1994) et qui peut continuer au-delà de 5 heures après injection de la carraghénine (Perez-Gurrero et al, 2001). Nos résultats et la nature biphasée de l'oedème de la patte induit par la carraghénine observés, permettent de proposer que l'activité significative dans la suppression de la deuxième phase de l'inflammation puisse être due aux médiateurs impliqués dans la phase tardive de l'oedème de la patte de rat induit par la carraghénine.…”

Central and peripheral anti-inflammatory effects of maprotiline on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats

“…It is worth mentioning that carrageenan-induced inflammation is a well-characterized model with distinct phases and a number of mediators contribute in the inflammatory response of carrageenan [43,44]. Carrageenan induces extravasation of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN leucocytes) into injected tissue and stimulates release of some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as PMN leucocytes derived reactive oxygen species and free radicals (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and hydroxyl radical) [45].…”