Modulation of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in salivary gland and other tissues in mice by moderate treadmill exercise

Avula, C. P. Reddy; Fernandes, Gabriel

doi:10.1007/bf03339665

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In addition, we observed an exercise-induced increase in aortic iNOS protein expression that was also observed in another study (61). Overall, exercise-related induction of scavenger enzymes observed in the present study was consistent with previous observations (28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33). The mild oxidative stress induced by graduated exercise could be responsible for its beneficial effects on atherosclerosis, perhaps by inducing vascular antioxidant defenses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Paradoxically, exercise-induced oxidative stress could be potentially beneficial for vascular dysfunction and atherogenesis through the induction of arterial antioxidant responses. This induction of scavenger enzymes would not only minimize oxidative damage but also reduce in situ the generation of oxidants in different species, including humans (28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33). Exercise can also stimulate endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and increase NO bioavailability, representing an important mechanism by which exercise conveys benefit in vasculoprotection (34,35).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Long-term combined beneficial effects of physical training and metabolic treatment on atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice

Napoli

Williams-Ignarro

Nigris

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

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CorrectionsPHARMACOLOGY. For the article ''Beneficial effects of antioxidants and L-arginine on oxidation-sensitive gene expression and endothelial NO synthase activity at sites of disturbed shear stress,'' by Filomena de Nigris, Lilach O. Lerman, Sharon Williams Ignarro, Giacomo Sica, Amir Lerman, Wulf Palinski, Louis J. Ignarro, and Claudio Napoli, which appeared in issue 3, February 4, 2003, of Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (100, 1420-1425 first published January 13, 2003; 10.1073͞pnas.0237367100), the authors should have noted that Louis J. Ignarro developed and markets Niteworks, a dietary supplement of L-arginine, L-citrulline, vitamin E, and vitamin C. Dr. Ignarro is also a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Herbalife, the distributor of Niteworks. The pathogenic mechanisms by which physical exercise influences atherosclerotic lesion formation remain poorly understood. Because vigorous physical training increases oxidative stress, this study tested the hypothesis that graduated and moderate physical exercise together with metabolic intervention (L-arginine and antioxidants) may contribute to increased vascular protection. Exercise training in mice was induced by graduated swimming. In hypercholesterolemic male mice on an atherogenic high-cholesterol diet, graduated and moderate exercise lowered plasma cholesterol and decreased atherosclerotic lesions compared with sedentary control mice. Antioxidants (1.0% vitamin E added to the chow and 0.05% vitamin C added to the drinking water) and L-arginine (6% in drinking water) supplementation to exercising hypercholesterolemic mice further and synergistically reduced atherosclerosis compared with untreated exercised mice. Arterial oxidation-specific epitopes and systemic oxidative stress were reduced by metabolic intervention. Graduated chronic exercise elicited an increase in production of nitric oxide through increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and ameliorated scavenger activities. Thus, metabolic intervention with L-arginine and antioxidants together with graduated and moderate exercise training reduce atherosclerotic lesion formation.catalase ͉ nitric oxide synthase ͉ vitamin E ͉ oxidative stress ͉ low-density lipoprotein P hysical exercise is a deterrent of cardiovascular disease and atherogenesis in animal models (1-5). Exercise can also positively influence classical risk factors that are associated with coronary heart disease such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemias, and endothelial dysfunction (6-8). The higher respiration rate during severe physical exercise leads to the generation of more free radicals than the endogenous antioxidant systems can scavenge (9), whereas moderate intensity aerobic exercise enhances endothelium dependent vasodilation in humans (10), and attenuates exercise-induced peroxidation (11) and cardiovascular mortality (12) in the elderly. Moreover, there is an inverse association between intensity of physical activity and the risk of coronary heart disease events (13). A metaanalysis of 51 con...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term combined beneficial effects of physical training and metabolic treatment on atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice

Napoli

Williams-Ignarro

Nigris

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Moreover, the extent of lipid peroxidation appears to be dependent on exercise intensity (Aydin et al 2005). Inconsistencies have been found in the eVects of acute exercise on the kidney, in which exercise was shown to result in increased or unchanged generation of ROS (Aydin et al 2005;Liu et al 2000;Semin et al 2001;Reddy Avula and Fernandez 1999). Likewise, we have previously reported no signiWcant changes in lipid peroxidation level in rat kidney after acute exercise (PodhorskaOkolow 2004b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Effects of adaptive exercise on apoptosis in cells of rat renal tubuli

et al. 2006

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Regular exercise is known to improve physiological and functional capacity of many organs due to adaptive processes. We have previously shown that acute exercise in untrained rats results in apoptosis of renal tubular cells and that the apoptotic process seems to be associated with stimulation of angiotensin II, AT1 and AT2 receptors. In this study, we examined the influence of regular training on apoptosis and the role of angiotensin II receptors and antioxidant enzymes in mediating the adaptive response in renal tubular cells. We measured apoptosis, expression of AT1 and AT2 receptors, level of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and activities of antioxidant enzymes, SOD, GPx and CAT in kidneys of sedentary rats that were exposed to acute exercise and rats that were trained for 8 weeks. In untrained animals, the acute exercise resulted in increased apoptosis and increased expression of AT1 and AT2 receptors in renal tubular cells, while in the rats exposed to the 8-week regular training, there were no changes in apoptosis nor AT1 and AT2 receptor expression as compared to the sedentary animals. The TBARS levels were significantly increased in acutely exercised rats, while in rats pre-exposed to the training they remained unchanged. The acute exercise, as well as regular training, did not change SOD, CAT or GPx activities. These findings suggested that the acute exercise-induced apoptosis in renal tubules could involve action of AT1 and AT2 receptors as well as oxidative stress, while the regular training was shown to prevent apoptosis in renal tubular cells via modulated expression of AT1 and AT2 receptors.

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“…Growth hormone regulates insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 mRNA expression in the liver during training and has been shown to induce a significant increase of hepatic exon 1-derived IGF-1 mRNA (Zanconato et al, 1994). Training also modulates antioxidant enzymes in the liver, reducing oxidative damage (Reddy Avula and Fernandes, 1999;Di Meo, 1996, 1997). Furthermore, physical exercise promotes the oxidative metabolism of drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%