Modular Battery Charger for Light Electric Vehicles

Abstract

Rapid developments in energy storage and conversion technologies have led to the proliferation of low-and medium-power electric vehicles. Their regular operation typically requires an on-board battery charger that features small dimensions, high efficiency and power quality. This paper analyses an interleaved step-down single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) operating in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) for charging of battery-powered light electric vehicles such as an electric wheelchair. The required characteristics are achieved thanks to favourable arrangement of the inductors in the circuit: the input inductor is used for power factor correction (PFC) without additional elements, while the other inductor is used to provide galvanic isolation and required voltage conversion ratio. A modular interleaved structure of the converter helps to implement low-profile converter design with standard components, distribute the power losses and improve the performance. An optimal number of converter cells was estimated. The converter uses a simple control algorithm for constant current and constant voltage charging modes. To reduce the energy losses, synchronous rectification along with a common regenerative snubber circuit was implemented. The proposed charger concept was verified with a developed 230 VAC to 29.4 VDC experimental prototype that has proved its effectiveness.

Pengaruh Beban dan Filter pada Penyearah AC-DC Terkendali untuk Rangkaian Pengisi Li-ion Berbasis Bridge Rectifier dan Buck Converter Menggunakan Metode CC/CV

“…Pada baterai ini, pengisian CC biasanya memakan waktu lebih dari 1 jam, sedangkan total waktu pengisian sekitar 3 jam [8]. Pada metode ini, pengisian biasanya dihentikan dengan arus pengisian minimum.…”

“…Lalu, baterai akan memasuki fase CV dengan tegangan konstan yang telah ditentukan, menyebabkan arus pengisian kontinyu menurun. Fase CV akan berakhir ketika arus yang berkurang mencapai nilai tertentu atau kapasitas tujuan telah tercapai [8].…”

Solar Power Plant Storage System

“…Тому для вирішення поставленої задачі доцільно обрати двоспрямований перетворювач без гальванічного розділення з жорсткою комутацією [21]. Для зменшення рівня динамічних і статичних втрат доцільно використовувати модульну топологію перетворювача з чергуванням фаз [22][23], структура якого показана на рис. 2.…”

Modular SEPIC-Based Isolated dc–dc Converter with Reduced Voltage Stresses across the Semiconductors

“…SEPIC converter-derived topologies feature dc current at the input with low ripple [31,32] and output with a voltage source characteristic, and they operate as a step-up/step-down voltage regulator without reversing the polarity of the output voltage. SEPIC structures are widely used in several applications including renewable energy [33,34], battery chargers [35] and LED lighting drivers [36,37], and also to perform power factor correction [38][39][40][41].…”