MODIS snow cover mapping accuracy in a small mountain catchment – comparison between open and forest sites

Parajka, J.; Holko, Ladislav; Kostka, Z.; Blöschl, Günter

doi:10.5194/hess-16-2365-2012

Cited by 82 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Most of these studies were done using the Terra MODIS daily snow product (MOD10A1). More comprehensive reviews can be found in and Parajka et al (2012). Despite the variety of methods used among these studies, the results led to the same conclusion that Terra MODIS snow cover products have a higher overall accuracy than snow maps derived from VEGETATION or AVHRR.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…9. The snow commission in MODIS products can be due to the effect of forest obscuration (Parajka et al, 2012) because the lower boundary of the snow cover is often situated in forested areas in the Pyrenees. In this study we could detect a deleterious effect of the forests by comparing MODIS products with Landsat over forested areas.…”

Section: Landsat Vs Modis Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The typical absolute accuracy of MOD10A1 is 93 % but depends on the land cover Arsenault et al, 2014). The accuracy is lower in forested areas (Simic et al, 2004;Parajka et al, 2012). Other important sources of misdetection are cloud/snow confusion (Rittger et al, 2013), the variation of the sensor viewing angle and the reprojection from the original swath data to the sinusoid grid (Arsenault et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A snow cover climatology for the Pyrenees from MODIS snow products

Gascoin

Hagolle

Huc

et al. 2015

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

146

118

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Abstract. The seasonal snow in the Pyrenees is critical for hydropower production, crop irrigation and tourism in France, Spain and Andorra. Complementary to in situ observations, satellite remote sensing is useful to monitor the effect of climate on the snow dynamics. The MODIS daily snow products (Terra/MOD10A1 and Aqua/MYD10A1) are widely used to generate snow cover climatologies, yet it is preferable to assess their accuracies prior to their use. Here, we use both in situ snow observations and remote sensing data to evaluate the MODIS snow products in the Pyrenees. First, we compare the MODIS products to in situ snow depth (SD) and snow water equivalent (SWE) measurements. We estimate the values of the SWE and SD best detection thresholds to 40 mm water equivalent (w.e.) and 150 mm, respectively, for both MOD10A1 and MYD10A1. κ coefficients are within 0.74 and 0.92 depending on the product and the variable for these thresholds. However, we also find a seasonal trend in the optimal SWE and SD thresholds, reflecting the hysteresis in the relationship between the depth of the snowpack (or SWE) and its extent within a MODIS pixel. Then, a set of Landsat images is used to validate MOD10A1 and MYD10A1 for 157 dates between 2002 and 2010. The resulting accuracies are 97 % (κ = 0.85) for MOD10A1 and 96 % (κ = 0.81) for MYD10A1, which indicates a good agreement between both data sets. The effect of vegetation on the results is analyzed by filtering the forested areas using a land cover map. As expected, the accuracies decrease over the forests but the agreement remains acceptable (MOD10A1: 96 %, κ = 0.77; MYD10A1: 95 %, κ = 0.67). We conclude that MODIS snow products have a sufficient accuracy for hydroclimate studies at the scale of the Pyrenees range. Using a gap-filling algorithm we generate a consistent snow cover climatology, which allows us to compute the mean monthly snow cover duration per elevation band and aspect classes. There is snow on the ground at least 50 % of the time above 1600 m between December and April. We finally analyze the snow patterns for the atypical winter 2011-2012. Snow cover duration anomalies reveal a deficient snowpack on the Spanish side of the Pyrenees, which seems to have caused a drop in the national hydropower production.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Landsat Vs Modis Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A snow cover climatology for the Pyrenees from MODIS snow products

Gascoin

Hagolle

Huc

et al. 2015

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

146

118

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“…Holko and Kostka, 2010), snow cover (e.g. Kostka, 2007, 2008;Holko et al, 2009aHolko et al, , 2011aParajka et al, 2012;Krajčí et al, 2016) and runoff formation (e.g. Holko et al, 2011b;Hlaváčiková et al, 2015) including the response of catchment runoff to rainfall, climate and land use changes (Kostka and Holko, 2003;Kostka, 2009;Bičárová and Holko, 2013;Kostka and Holko, 2007;Holko et al, 2009bHolko et al, , 2012a.…”

Section: P a P E R A C C E P T E D P R E -P R I N T V E R S I O Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic hydrograph separation in two small mountain catchments during multiple events

Holko

Bíčárová

Hlavčo

et al. 2018

CIG

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Two-component isotopic hydrograph separation (IHS) was developed to determine the event- and pre-event components of a single storm event. Its application for several sucessive events requires repeated determination of isotopic signatures of end-members (precipitation, pre-event component) for each event. The existence of several possible alternative signatures results in differences in calculated contributions of event-/pre- event components. This article addresses the question of how big the differences could be in small mountain catchments with different methods for detemining the end member signatures. We analyzed data on isotopic composition of daily/event precipitation at different elevations in two catchments located in the highest part of the Carpathians in July 2014.The isotopic composition of streamflow sampled every 4-6 hours was analyzed as well. Elevational gradients of δ18O and δ2H in precipitation in the study period were -0.18 ‰ 100 m-1 and -1.1 ‰ 100 m-1, respectively. An elevation gradient in deuterium excess (0.29 ‰ 100 m-1) was also found. Precipitation on the windward side of the mountains was isotopically lighter than expected for a given rain gauge elevation. Five large rainfall-runoff events occurred in the study period in the meso-scale catchment of the Jalovecký creek (Western Tatra Mountains, area 22.2 km2) and in the headwater catchment of the Škaredý creek (High Tatra Mountains, area 1.4 km2). Isotopic hydrograph separation was conducted using eight options for the isotopic signatures of event and pre-event water. The isotopic signature of the event water (rainfall) was alternatively represented by data from high or low elevations. Pre-event water was represented either by the streamflow before the event or by the value taken from the statistics of the long-term data on isotopic composition of the stream. Both isotopes (18O and 2H) were used to calculate event water fractions during peak flows of individual events. Calculated peak flow event water fractions were below 0.2-0.3 for most events. However, the differences in calculated event water fractions for alternative isotopic composition of end-members were significant even if we did not take into account changes in isotopic composition during individual rainfalls. Coefficients of variation for event water fractions calculated for various options varied during individual events from 0.14 to 0.36. It is therefore perhaps better to use a range of possible values instead of a single accurate number to interpret the IHS results. Hydrograph separations based on 18O and 2H provided similar results.

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“…As a result of conditions caused by a changing climate, the temporal and spatial changes of snowpacks is the subject of many recent studies (e.g., Artan et al, 2013;Holko et al, 2005Holko et al, , 2011Hood and Hayashi, 2010;Kuchment et al, 2010;Parajka and Blöschl, 2008;Parajka et al, 2012). Analyses of flood changes in Europe (Hall at al., 2014) also indicate changes in spring floods which can be caused by changes in the snow regime especially in snow-dominated regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the snow water equivalent in mountainous basins in Slovakia over recent decades

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Changes in snowpack and duration of snow cover can cause changes in the regime of snow and rainsnow induced floods. The recent IPCC report suggests that, in snow-dominated regions such as the Alps, the Carpathian Mountains and the northern parts of Europe, spring snowmelt floods may occur earlier in a future climate because of warmer winters, and flood hazards may increase during wetter and warmer winters, with more frequent rain and less frequent snowfall. The monitoring and modelling of snow accumulation and snow melting in mountainous catchments is rather complicated, especially due to the high spatial variability of snow characteristics and the limited availability of terrestrial hydrological data. An evaluation of changes in the snow water equivalent (SWE) during the period of 1961-2010 in the Upper Hron river basin, which is representative of the mountainous regions in Central Slovakia, is provided in this paper. An analysis of the snow cover was performed using simulated values of the snow water equivalent by a conceptual semi-distributed hydrological rainfall-runoff model. Due to the poor availability of the measured snow water equivalent data, the analysis was performed using its simulated values. Modelling of the SWE was performed in different altitude zones by a conceptual semi-distributed hydrological rainfall-runoff model. The evaluation of the results over the past five decades indicates a decrease in the simulated snow water equivalent and the snow duration in each altitude zone and in all months of the winter season. Significant decreasing trends were found for December, January and February, especially in the highest altitude zone.

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MODIS snow cover mapping accuracy in a small mountain catchment – comparison between open and forest sites

Cited by 82 publications

References 23 publications

A snow cover climatology for the Pyrenees from MODIS snow products

A snow cover climatology for the Pyrenees from MODIS snow products

Isotopic hydrograph separation in two small mountain catchments during multiple events

Changes in the snow water equivalent in mountainous basins in Slovakia over recent decades

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