Modifying the neuroendocrine stress response

Stress Response to Surgery and Possible Ways of Its Correction

“…However, the classical stress responses (cortisol, glucose, etc.) to abdominal surgery, such as cholecystectomy, are not changed greatly by reducing surgical trauma (Velickovic et al, 2002;Manorama, 2003). This observation suggests that the stimuli for the stress response arise from visceral and peritoneal afferent nerve fibres in addition to those from the abdominal wall.…”

“…Effective postoperative analgesia is an essential factor for decreasing surgical stress. Absolute pain relief is a "gold standard" for preventing the protein breakdown and minimising endocrine and metabolic changes to the stress response (Velickovic et al, 2002). Pain relief can be achieved using different medications, including opioids (e.g., morphine), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), local anaesthetics (e.g., lidocaine) and coanalgesic drugs (e.g., a 2 -agonists and anticonvulsants).…”

Effect of perioperative dexmedetomidine infusion on blood glucose levels in non-diabetic morbid obese patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery

“…The surgical procedure's stress response is a major cytokine and neuroendocrine sequel to surgical injury which lead to rapid increase in catecholamine and steroid hormones levels [1]. This has been contemplated as a physiological defense mechanism that is an important risk factor for the body's adaptation to the noxious insults [2].…”

A comparative study of two doses of magnesium sulphate in attenuating haemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation

“…4 But such effects can be detrimental in susceptible individuals, in whom sympatho-adrenal stimulation with sudden rise in heart rate and blood pressure can lead to left ventricular failure, myocardial ischemia, cerebral hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, increase in intracranial tension and its complication. 5,6 So far, various techniques like topical and intravenous lignocaine; sympatholytic drugs like phentolamine, narcotic agents like nalbuphine fentanyl and alfentanil beta blockers like intravenous landiolol, labetalol, metoprolol and esmolol; alpha adrenergic blocking drugs like oral and intravenous clonidine; vasodilators like nitrogycerine and hydralazine; calcium channel blockers like diltiazem; deep general anesthesia and various other drugs have been tried. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Until recently, the function of magnesium in biological processes was largely ignored to the point where it was described as the "for-gotten ione".…”