Modifying effects of TNF-α, IL-6 and VDR genes on the development risk and the course of COVID-19. Pilot study

Abstract

Objectives COVID-19 continues to range around the world and set morbidity and mortality antirecords. Determining the role of genetic factors in the development of COVID-19 may contribute to the understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms that lead to the development of complications and fatalities in this disease. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of TNF-α (rs1800629), IL-6 (rs1800795) and VDR (rs731236 and rs1544410) genes variants on the development risk and the course of COVID-19 in intensive care patients. Methods The study group included 31 patients with diagnosis “viral COVID-19 pneumonia”. All patients underwent standard daily repeated clinical, instrumental and laboratory examinations. Determination of IL-6, TNF-α, and VDR genes variants was performed using the PCR-RFLP method. Results It was found a significant increase in the rate of the CC genotype and C allele (38.7 vs. 12.0% and 0.6 vs. 0.4%, respectively) of the IL-6 gene in all patients of the study in comparison with population frequencies. There was a significantly higher rate of heterozygous genotypes TC and GA of the VDR gene in group of died patients. The rs1800629 variant of the TNF-α gene is associated with the need for respiratory support and its longer duration in patients with COVID-19. Conclusions The obtained results support a hypothesis about the influence of variants of IL-6, TNF-α and VDR genes on severity of COVID-19. However, in order to draw definite conclusions, further multifaceted research in this area are need.

Evaluation of the relationship between IL-6 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and the severity of COVID-19 in an Iranian population

“…However, no difference was observed between severe COVID-19 patients and mild COVID-19 patients (p > 0.05). In contrast, Fishchuk et al showed a significant increase in the frequency of the CC genotype and C allele of the −174 G/C (rs1800795) SNP in the development of the risk and course of COVID-19 in 31 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia compared to the population frequency [44] . In addition, one study reported that the −174 G/C (rs1800795) SNP was significantly associated with susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in different Caucasian populations whereas this SNP was not found to be significantly associated with COPD in the North Indian population [28] , [45] .…”

Systematic review and meta-analysis of human genetic variants contributing to COVID-19 susceptibility and severity

“…, 2022 Feb ) Chen, 2021 IL6 rs1524107 China PCR 105 149 Yes ( Ahmed and Ad’hiah AH. , 2022 Feb ) Fishchuk, 2021 IL6 rs1800795 Ukraine PCR 31 NA Yes ( Chen T, xxxx ) Gómez, 2020 LZTFL1 rs67959919 Spain RFLP-PCR 294 460 Yes ( Gómez et al, 2020 ) Medetalibeyoglu, 2021 MBL rs1800450 Turkey RFLP-PCR 284 100 Yes ( Fishchuk et al, 2021 Dec 6 ) Speletas, 2021 MBL rs1800450 Europe RFLP-PCR 264 NA Yes ( Medetalibeyoglu et al, 2021 Apr ) Grimaudo, 2021 MERTK rs4374383 Italy RT-PCR 291 NA No ( Amodio et al, 2020 Oct 15 ) Annunziata, 2021 MTHFR A1298C Italy RT-PCR 20 19 No ( Annunziata et al, 2021 Aug 20 ) Annunziata, 2021 MTHFR C677T Italy RT-PCR 20 19 No ( Annunziata et al, 2021 Aug 20 ) van Moorsel, 2021 MUC5B rs35705950 Netherlands RT-PCR …”

IFITM3, FURIN, ACE1, and TNF-α Genetic Association With COVID-19 Outcomes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Twenty-seven studies were included in the systematic review: five with IFITM3 (Zhang et al, 2020;Alghamdi et al, 2021;Cuesta-Llavona et al, 2021;Gómez et al, 2021;Schönfelder et al, 2021), two with Furin (Latini et al, 2020;Torre-Fuentes et al, 2021), three with TNF-α (Saleh et al, 2020;Fishchuk et al, 2021;Heidari Nia et al, 2021), and 17 with ACE1 (Gómez et al, 2020;Aladag et al, 2021;Annunziata et al, 2021;Cafiero et al, 2021;Gunal et al, 2021;Hubacek et al, 2021;Karakaş Çelik et al, 2021;Kouhpayeh et al, 2021;Mir et al, 2021;Möhlendick et al, 2021;Saad et al, 2021;Verma et al, 2021;Akbari et al, 2022;Gong et al, 2022;Mahmood et al, 2022;Papadopoulou et al, 2022).…”