1991
DOI: 10.1300/j046v03n01_03
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Modifying an American Consumer Behavior Model for Consumers in Confucian Culture:

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Cited by 97 publications
(155 citation statements)
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“…In China, people follow the teachings of Confucius (Kung Fu Tze), an ancient Chinese philosopher, whose influence spread out of China to other East Asian countries (Fang, 1999). One of the notions deriving from Confucianism is the notion of 'face' or 'mianzi', which implies maintaining one's public dignity and standing (Lee, 1991) or consciousness of glory and shame; meanwhile, it represents the individual's reputation and social position in others' eyes (Hu, 1944). Mianzi is associated with feelings of pride, glory and dignity.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In China, people follow the teachings of Confucius (Kung Fu Tze), an ancient Chinese philosopher, whose influence spread out of China to other East Asian countries (Fang, 1999). One of the notions deriving from Confucianism is the notion of 'face' or 'mianzi', which implies maintaining one's public dignity and standing (Lee, 1991) or consciousness of glory and shame; meanwhile, it represents the individual's reputation and social position in others' eyes (Hu, 1944). Mianzi is associated with feelings of pride, glory and dignity.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Consumers in a Confucian culture would evaluate green products more favorable because they strongly feel the need to live up to social expectations [15], and individuals' efforts to save their face are a response to social pressure [34].…”
Section: Moderating the Role Of Face-saving On The Effects Of Productmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The green value of sustainable fashion products was measured using five items from Chen and Chang's [19] study such as "[sustainable fashion product] has more environmental benefit than other products". Face-saving was measured using a three-item scale from Lee's [34] study, and this scale was already being used in fashion consumer studies [11,29,36]. An exemplary item is "my decision to buy the product of the sustainable fashion brand would be influenced by whether owning the product of this brand would hurt my reputation with the people who are important to me."…”
Section: Instrumentsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The western culture emphasizes "individual consciousness", and the Chinese culture focuses on "group consciousness" (Yi, 1995). Some scholars in Hong Kong and South Korea concern about the generalizability of the model (Chan and Lorett, 1998;Lee, 1990). Lee (1990) modified the model by adding "mian zi" (face saving) and group conformity to replace subjective norm.…”
Section: Consumer Purchase Intentionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some scholars in Hong Kong and South Korea concern about the generalizability of the model (Chan and Lorett, 1998;Lee, 1990). Lee (1990) modified the model by adding "mian zi" (face saving) and group conformity to replace subjective norm. The study finds that face saving and group conformity have significant impact on behavioral intention, and the modified model can be used to interpret South Korean consumers' behavioral intention.…”
Section: Consumer Purchase Intentionmentioning
confidence: 99%