Modified Phenazines from an Indonesian Streptomyces sp.

Abstract

Fractionation of the extract from the Indonesian Streptomyces sp. ICBB8198 as directed by the antibacterial activity delivered the known phenazine antibiotics griseoluteic acid (1a) and griseolutein A (1b), as well as two new phenazine derivatives (2 and 3). In addition, the known compounds spirodionic acid, dihydrosarkomycins, and 6-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-2H-pyran-2-one (4a), along with the new pyrone, 3,6-diethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one (4b), were isolated. We report here the isolation, structure elucidation, and antibiotic activity of the new metabolites as well as a hypothetical pathway for the formation of the new phenazine derivatives.

Isolation and structure elucidation of izuminosides A–C: a rare phenazine glycosides from Streptomyces sp. IFM 11260

“…1 Other phenazine producers include Nocardia, Sorangium, Brevibacterium, Burkholderia, Erwinia, Pantoea agglomerans, Vibrio, Pelagiobacter 2,3 and members of the actinomycetes, especially Streptomyces. [4][5][6] More than 100 different phenazine structural derivatives have been identified in nature, and over 6000 compounds that contain phenazine as a central moiety have been synthesized. However, the carbohydrate-containing phenazine natural products are rare in nature.…”

Fermentative Production of Bacterial Phenazines

“…As like pseudomonad phenazines various media were exploited for Streptomyces phenazine production which mainly includes, (1) soybean-mannitol medium (Ding et al 2011), (2) GOT medium (Fotso et al 2010), (3) M2 medium (Zendah et al 2012), (4) SPD medium (Ohlendorf et al 2012), (5) TSB 10, modified Trypticase Soy broth (Mitova et al 2008), (6) GYM1 (Mitova et al 2008), (7) GYM2 (Mitova et al 2008), (8) M1 (Mitova et al 2008), (9) LB (Mitova et al 2008), (10) MB (Mitova et al 2008). In all studied media (Table 5.1) a complex protein source was used like casein peptone, soy protein digest, yeast extract, and oatmeal.…”

“…(Gebhardt et al 2002;Clinton et al 1993;Zendah et al 2012;Ohlendorf et al 2012;Fotso et al 2010;Kondratyuk et al 2012), Bacillus sp. B-6 (Kim 2000;Li et al 2007), Brevibacterium (Podojilt and Gerber 1967), Burkholderia , and archae Methanosarcina mazei Gö1 (Abken et al 1998;Beifuss et al 2000) and few others.…”

Methods for Purification and Characterization of Microbial Phenazines

“…To optimize the specific phenazine elution profile as well as retention time and different gradients need to optimized. Selin et al (2010) analysed phenazines in isocratic solution of 45 % acetonitrile/35 % water/20 % methanol and product elution observed with AD20 detector at 225 nm, whereas Fotso et al (2010) detected phenazine at 254 nm from Indonesian Streptomyces sp. by preparative HPLC (20 % Methanol/Water).…”