Modified FOPID Controller for Frequency Regulation of a Hybrid Interconnected System of Conventional and Renewable Energy Sources

Abstract

In this article, a fractional-order proportional-integral-differential (FOPID) controller and its modified structure, called a MFOPID controller, are presented. To guarantee optimal system performance, the gains of the proposed FOPID and MFOPID controllers are well-tuned, employing the Jellyfish Search Optimizer (JSO), a novel and highly effective bioinspired metaheuristic approach. The proposed controllers are assessed in a hybrid system with two domains, where each domain contains a hybrid of conventional (gas, reheat, and hydro) and renewable generation sources (solar and wind). For a more realistic analysis, the presented system model includes practical limitations with nonlinear characteristics, such as governor dead zone/band (GDZ/GDB), boiler dynamics, generation rate limitation/constraint (GRL/GRC), system uncertainties, communication time delay (CTD), and load changes. The suggested methodology outperforms some newly developed heuristic techniques, including fitness-dependent optimizer (FDO), sine-cosine algorithm (SCA), and firefly algorithm (FA), for the interconnected power system (PS) of two regions with multiple generating units. Furthermore, the proposed MFOPID controller is compared with JSO-tuned PID/FOPID and PI controllers to ascertain its superiority. The results signify that the presented control method and its parametric optimization significantly outperforms the other control strategies with respect to minimum undershoot and peak overshoot, settling times, and ITSE in the system’s dynamic response. The sensitivity analysis outcomes imply that the proposed JSO-MFOPID control method is very reliable and can effectively stabilize the load frequency and interconnection line in a multi-area network with interconnected PS.

Optimal Design of Fractional-Order PID Controllers for a Nonlinear AWS Wave Energy Converter Using Hybrid Jellyfish Search and Particle Swarm Optimization

“…For more validation of the FOPID performance, the unsymmetrical fault responses are shown in Figure 9. The results show that the dq currents were maintained at the reference values expressed in (36) and (37). This led to the maximization of the generated power similar to [11] and [20] and the minimization of the stator losses.…”

“…The results show that the dq currents were maintained at the reference values expressed in (36) and (37). This led to the maximization of the generated power similar to [11,20] and the minimization of the stator losses.…”

“…Also, improved frequency controllers based on the FOPID strategy regulated the frequency of inter-connected power grids [35]. Moreover, a modified version of FOPID was used to regulate a hybrid inter-connected system formed of various renewable resources [36]. To implement the FOPID control strategy, a comprehensive understanding of the AWS connected to the power grid is mandatory.…”

Cascaded Fractional-Order Controller-Based Load Frequency Regulation for Diverse Multigeneration Sources Incorporated with Nuclear Power Plant

“…Literature Survey. The principal aim of load frequency control (LFC)/automatic generation control (AGC) is to regulate the power deviation between adjacent regions linked by tie lines within defined boundaries and maintain the system frequency within predetermined limits [5]. In the early stages of control scheme development for AGC, conventional controllers such as integral (I), proportional integral (PI), and PI derivative (D) were utilized.…”

“…Due to advances in computing power that enable simulation and accurate implementation of the fractional-order controller, the use of fractional-based controllers has recently drawn more attention in power engineering issues, specifically for power optimization control. The FOPID and their modification have been utilized in [23][24][25] as a secondary LFC to improve the frequency stability of the interconnected two region power systems. Numerous cascaded controller forms [26][27][28] have been used to improve frequency persistence in PSs.…”