Modified flame ionization detector for the analysis of large molecular weight polar compounds by capillary supercritical fluid chromatography

Richter, Bruce E.

doi:10.1002/jhrc.1240080606

Cited by 49 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Detector Response. The "spiking" problem that has been reportedly observed in FID signals when used with SFC (35) was not observed in this work. Spiking occurs frequently for polar solvents and high molecular weight solutes, which are likely to condense and result in noisy peaks as discrete solute particles enter the detector and produce a sudden response.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 43%

Evaluation of inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry as an element-specific detector for supercritical fluid chromatography

Forbes¹,

Vecchiarelli²,

Uden³

et al. 1990

Anal. Chem.

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A capillary supercritical fluid chromatograph (SFC) was Interfaced to an Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) atomic emission spectrometer (AES). The chromatographic system, Interface, and plasma torch design are described. The argon plasma was optimized for SI I 251.6 nm emission to detect separated organoslllcon compounds selectively. The linear dynamic range for octamethylcyclotetraslloxane was between 7.24 and 145.0 ng of SI Injected, with a detection limit of 5.8 ng of SI Injected (57.9 ppm SI). The precision of the measured peak heights of three replicate Injections of 75 ng of SI was less than 5%. The effects of the mobile phase (C02) pressure on the plasma stability and sensitivity are presented.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 43%

Evaluation of inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry as an element-specific detector for supercritical fluid chromatography

Forbes¹,

Vecchiarelli²,

Uden³

et al. 1990

Anal. Chem.

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show abstract

“…cSFC was also an extension of the GC in terms of instrumentation. Indeed the main GC features (a) capillary column, (b) oven, and (c) GC detectors mostly flame ionization detector (FID) were preserved in cSFC [227][228][229]. Only a few modifications of the GC hardware were required to work properly with supercritical fluid.…”

Section: Description Of Sfcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Current Trends in Liquid and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Fekete¹,

Perrenoud²,

Guillarme

2014

CCHG

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Abstract:The current trend in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) tends toward the achievement of higher separation efficiency and shorter analysis time. Indeed, better performance in LC has become increasingly important in recent years mainly driven by the challenges of either analyzing more complex samples or increasing the numbers of samples per time unit. In the recent development of particle technology, the use of fully porous sub-2 m particles and sub-3 m shell particles have received considerable attention. Beside packed columns, the new generation of silica-based monolithic columns also offers very high separation power. However, to take full advantage of these innovative phases, the chromatographic system has also to be drastically optimized in terms of upper pressure limit and system volume.This revolution in column technology now spreads and covers several modes of liquid chromatography such as reversedphase liquid chromatography (RPLC), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), or even supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The HILIC and SFC, which can be considered as alternative modes of chromatography, could also be useful to extend the applicability of chromatography towards the analysis of very hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds, respectively.The present review gives an insight about the theory behind the success of current column technology and presents a summary of latest applications, using various modes of one-dimensional chromatography (RPLC, HILIC, SFC). This paper also shows that theoretically expected column efficiency could sometimes be compromised in practical work especially in the case of narrow bore columns.

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“…Recent studies (1 14) using a flame ionization detector demonstrated problems with spiking for polar solutes when using linear restrictors (see Figure 10). Other authors (117,118) have previously reported spiking due to the use of linear restrictors in connection with SFC. Spiking occurs due to the formation of aerosols during fluid decompression (119).…”

Section: Instrumentation For Secondary Flow Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced radial dispersion in open tubular column chromatography

Sumpter

Lee

1991

J Microcolumn Separations

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Abstract. Radial diffusion of solutes in the mobile phase limits the practical linear velocities that can be used to increase speed of analysis in conventional open tubular column chromatography. Several methods have been devised to enhance radial dispersion that do not depend only on molecular radial diffusion. In this review, the methods of enhancing dispersion found in the chromatographic literature are discussed. These methods include the use of deformed columns, and spinning band and static mixer columns. These techniques have been found to be of little value in analytical chromatography. Electroosmotic flow has been used to generate a plug-like flow profile in LC and generates one to two orders of magnitude lower plate height than produced at laminar flow conditions. Turbulent and secondary flow have been used to enhance radial diffusion in open tubular columns for gas, liquid, and supercritical fluid chromatography. These techniques are described from their theoretical and practical aspects. Secondary flow has also been studied by several investigators for the enhancement of radial dispersion. A circular, radial flow profile can be generated by centrifugal forces in tightly coiled columns, and after a critical velocity is achieved, columns coiled to appropriate aspect ratios yield lower plate heights than straight columns for unretained solutes as the velocity is increased. Although retained solutes yield higher plate heights in coiled rather than conventional straight columns in some cases due to the resistance to mass transfer at the interphase region, higher speeds of analysis are obtained. Secondary flow chromatography has been successfully applied in gas and supercritical fluid chromatography for the rapid separation of alkanes having low retention. Nevertheless, applications using secondary flow in chromatographic separations are limited.

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Modified flame ionization detector for the analysis of large molecular weight polar compounds by capillary supercritical fluid chromatography

Cited by 49 publications

References 19 publications

Evaluation of inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry as an element-specific detector for supercritical fluid chromatography

Evaluation of inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry as an element-specific detector for supercritical fluid chromatography

Evolution and Current Trends in Liquid and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Enhanced radial dispersion in open tubular column chromatography

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