Modified carbon nanotubes/polyvinyl alcohol composite electrothermal films

Caffeic-Acid-Functionalized MWCNTs and PEDOT:PSS Formed Composite Flexible Films with “Reinforced Concrete” Structure for Electrical Heating and EMI Shielding

“…As can be seen from the figure, the value of I D /I G increases from 0.557 to 0.587 due to the modification, and the tiny change in the ratio proves that the modification of CNTs by CA is noncovalent, which essentially retains the original defects without destroying the original structure of the CNTs. 40,41 Second, XPS tests were also performed on the CNTs before and after the modification, which showed that the carbon-to-oxygen ratio decreased significantly from the original C:O = 50.47 to 9.87 after the modification (Figure 2e), which may be attributed to the fact that CA modified the CNTs noncovalently by introducing ester groups and phenolic hydroxyl groups on the MWCNTs, which increased the oxygen content. In the C 1s spectra before and after the modification of CNTs (Figure 2f,g), it can be observed that new peaks appeared at 286.6 and 290.8 eV, which corresponded to phenolic hydroxyl and ester groups on the benzene ring in CA molecules.…”

Fully Handwritten Flexible Electrothermal Devices Using a Whiteboard Marker Pen with Carbon Nanoparticle Ink

“…Electrothermal devices including electrothermal films and electrothermal actuators (ETAs) are expected to have great potential in fields like home heating 1,2 and thermotherapy 3 due to the merits of simplicity, low cost, and fast production. Besides, these heating systems also display their potential in drug delivery, 4 thermochromic displays, 5 and wearable thermotherapy.…”

“…8,9 As its heating effect largely depends on functional heating materials and flexible substrates, the performance can be improved by adjusting the aforementioned two aspects and their interaction. 2,3,10,11 On the other hand, ETA is a kind of soft actuator that can produce various movements from thermal expansion induced by Joule heating. 12−14 Considering the practical applications, researchers have attached more importance to electrothermal actuators (ETAs) because of the potential to solve tough problems such as limited working conditions.…”

“…Electrothermal devices including electrothermal films and electrothermal actuators (ETAs) are expected to have great potential in fields like home heating , and thermotherapy due to the merits of simplicity, low cost, and fast production. Besides, these heating systems also display their potential in drug delivery, thermochromic displays, and wearable thermotherapy. , Electrothermal films, which are operated by the Joule heating effect, can convert part of electrical energy into heat and deliver it to surroundings through heat conduction and radiation. , As its heating effect largely depends on functional heating materials and flexible substrates, the performance can be improved by adjusting the aforementioned two aspects and their interaction. ,,, …”