Modifications of intestinal nutrient absorption in response to dietary fish meal replacement by plant protein sources in sea bream (Sparus aurata) and rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss)

Abstract

Modifications of intestinal nutrient absorption in response toTwo experimental diets in which fish meal was partially (75%; diet PP75) or totally 24 (diet PP100) replaced by plant protein sources were fed to gilthead sea bream and 25 rainbow trout. We studied the effects of these diets on intestinal nutrient absorption in 26 comparison to fish fed the fish meal diet (FM). A mixture of vegetal ingredients (corn 27 gluten meal, wheat gluten, extruded peas and rapeseed meal) was used to meet the 28 amino acid requirements of the fish. Over a 12-week trial, 3 groups of the two 29 species were fed one experimental diet twice a day until visual satiation. 30After the experimental growth trial, we measured amino acid (L-leucine, L-lysine, L-31 phenylalanine, L-alanine and L-proline) and D-glucose absorption at 6 h and long-32 term (48 h for sea bream and 36 h for rainbow trout) post-feeding in pyloric caeca, 33 proximal intestine and distal intestine segments using brush border membrane 34 vesicles. The absorption pattern 6 h post-feeding was modified in both species in 35 response to fish meal replacement: total absorption capacities were generally 36 maintained in PP75 trout because absorption was delayed from pyloric caeca to 37 proximal and/or distal intestinal segments, while absorption uptake was significantly 38 decreased in both sea bream groups and trout fed the 100% vegetable diet. Glucose 39 transport capacities were increased in both experimental sea bream groups and in 40 trout fed the PP75 diet. Long-term transport capacities showed an up-regulation for 41 both studied species. 42Results obtained in this work show that intestinal nutrient absorption is modified in 43 response to fish meal replacement by plant protein sources and that changes are 44 species-specific and not dose-dependent. 45 46

Dietary glutamine supplementation effects on amino acid metabolism, intestinal nutrient absorption capacity and antioxidant response of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles

“…In the present trial diets contained only 50% of plant protein and a similar shift of transport capacity from the pyloric caeca to the proximal intestine also seems to have occurred. However, given the lack of a fishmeal-based diet in the present study it is not possible to corroborate Santigosa et al (2011) hypothesis. This is the first study to address the potential of dietary amino acids supplementation to regulate intestinal absorption capacity of fish.…”

“…In rainbow trout and gilthead sea bream Santigosa et al (2011) also observed a shift of transport capacity from the pyloric caeca to the proximal intestine when 75% of dietary fishmeal was replaced by plant protein. The authors considered this shift to represent a delay in the absorption from pyloric caeca to proximal and/or distal intestine segments, caused by an alteration of the luminal nutrient availability due to the plant protein inclusion in the diet.…”

“…The capacity to absorb L-arginine, L-alanine, L-glutamine and D-glucose was determined in vesicular suspensions according to the procedure described by Santigosa et al (2011). Vesicular suspensions were mixed with incubation buffer (in mM: 250 NaSCN, 100 mannitol, 40 HEPES, 0.1 MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O, 8.16 LiN 3 , 0.15 unlabelled nutrient, 0.01 3 Hnutrient, 320 Osm, pH 7.4) for 5 s. The reaction was stopped by adding cold stop buffer (in mM: 300 mannitol, 20 HEPES, 0.1 MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O, 4.08 LiN 3 , 320 Osm, pH 7.4).…”

The Age Dependent Activities of Digestive Enzymes in Rasbora, Rasbora lateristriata Blkr., (Pisces: Cyprinidae)

“…Among the digestion products is a phosphate-bonded compound which is a substrate for alkaline phosphatase, so the hydrolysis product becomes easily absorbed (Ducasse-Cabanot et al, 2007;Silva et al, 2010). Therefore, a good feed quality supported by its enzyme capacity will be an important factor to support fish growth, otherwise when low feed quality will have an effect on the poor of nutrient intake for fish growth (Thongprajukaew et al, 2011;Santigosa et al, 2011). Rasbora (Rasbora lateristriata Blkr.)…”

Tench (Tinca tinca) high-throughput transcriptomics reveal feed dependent gut profiles

“…Currently reduction of these components in aquafeeds is caused by plant sources, especially by soybeans, maize and rice is the most common (Troell et al, 2014). However, plant protein sources may contain certain antinutritional substances (protease inhibitors, phytates, saponins tannins, lectins, alkaloids, antigenic compounds, cyanogens, antivitamins, and phorbol esters) and indigestible components (non-starch polysaccharides) which can affect nutrient digestibility and absorption, thus severely reducing aquaculture yield (Francis et al, 2001;Santigosa et al, 2011). Promising alternative for FM is poultry by-product meal (PBM) produced by poultry slaughterhouses or poultry processing plants.…”