Modification of the surface of titanium with multifunctional chimeric peptides to prevent biofilm formation via inhibition of initial colonizers

Abstract

BackgroundPrevention of bacterial colonization remains a major challenge in the field of oral implant devices. Chimeric peptides with binding, antimicrobial, and osteogenesis motifs may provide a promising alternative for the inhibition of biofilm formation on titanium (Ti) surfaces.MethodsIn this study, chimeric peptides were designed by connecting an antimicrobial sequence from human β-defensin-3 with a Ti-binding sequence and arginine-glycine-aspartic acid using a glycine-glycine-glycine linker. Binding to the Ti substrate and antimicrobial properties against streptococci were evaluated. Significant improvement in reduction of bacterial colonization onto the Ti surface was observed, with or without the presence of saliva or serum. The MC3T3-E1 cells grew well on the modified Ti surfaces compared with the control group.ResultsThe data showed that the three peptide functional motifs maintained their respective functions, and that the antibiofilm mechanism of the chimeric peptide was via suppression of sspA and sspB gene expression.ConclusionThese results indicated that the endogenous peptide fragments engineered on the Ti surface could provide an environmentally friendly approach for improving the biocompatibility of oral implants.

Comparison of the structure and function of a chimeric peptide modified titanium surface

“…In our previous study, we used Ti-binding peptide (RKLPDAPGMHTW) as a means to introduce antimicrobial (GKCSTRGRKCCRRKK) and osteogenesis-promoting groups (RGDS) on Ti surface. 29,30 It was proved to be a simple and feasible modication strategy. Proteins perform their functions mainly through the structural stabilization of functional domains in secondary protein structures.…”

“…Although these antimicrobial peptides caused leakage of intracellular content, the results of cytotoxicity experiments showed that the three chimeric peptides exhibited no signicant cytotoxicity toward MC3T3-E1 cells. 29,30 Our previous studies have shown that chimeric peptides can inhibit the formation of biolm by inhibiting gene expression. 29,30 However, more extensive studies have not yet been undertaken to clarify the same.…”

“…29,30 Our previous studies have shown that chimeric peptides can inhibit the formation of biolm by inhibiting gene expression. 29,30 However, more extensive studies have not yet been undertaken to clarify the same. At the same time, the stability of antimicrobial peptide modied titanium surfaces and the anti-inammatory effects will be conrmed in vivo experiments.…”

“…28 These fragments can be used as antimicrobial agents to synthesize bifunctional or multifunctional chimeric peptides with properties other than antimicrobial activity, and can be used to modify the surface of titanium (Ti) dental implants. 29,30 By in vitro synthesis of the hBD-3 fragment as the main antimicrobial group, having specic Ti-binding peptide group, and connecting the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) fragment with osteogenic activity, the native peptide was modied into a bifunctional or multifunctional chimeric peptide. The efficacy and effect of modication of the chimeric peptide were compared.…”

Role of MAPK/JNK signaling pathway on the regulation of biological behaviors of MC3T3‑E1 osteoblasts under titanium ion exposure

“…Titanium (Ti) is one the most frequently applied materials for dental implants due to their excellent osteocompatibility, mechanical property and corrosion resistance (1)(2)(3). The oral cavity is a humid environment that provides a habitat for acid-producing bacteria, which causes low pH around the implants (4)(5)(6).…”