Modification of the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol Using Microorganisms Isolated from Environmental Samples

Wilson, Nina; McMaster, Nicole; Gantulga, Dash; Soyars, Cara L.; McCormick, Susan P.; Knott, Ken; Senger, Ryan S.; Schmale, David G.

doi:10.3390/toxins9040141

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…The composition of LZ-N1 obtained in our study differed widely from that of other reported DON-detoxification consortia (Volkl et al, 2004; Yoshizawa et al, 2006; Ahad et al, 2017; Wilson et al, 2017). Many previously reported genera with DON-degrading ability were also found in LZ-N1.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…Eleven genera accounted for 99.99% of the sequences, and Pseudomonas had the highest relative abundance (accounting for 44.98% of the sequences). The population structure of LZ-N1 bacterial consortium differed from the previously reported ones, which was able to effectively biodegrade DON into 3-epi-DON under aerobic condition, including the genera Acinetobacter , Leadbetterella , and Gemmata (Wilson et al, 2017). The raw reads of the consortium LZ-N1 were deposited into the NCBI Sequence Read Archive database (Accession Number: PRJNA557441; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA557441).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…LS100, and consortium C133; however, this mechanism is still unknown owing to the absence of information on the involved degrading enzymes/genes (Cote et al, 1986; He et al, 1992; Guan et al, 2009; Li et al, 2011; Ahad et al, 2017). Aerobic biotransformation processes of DON by targeting C3-OH, including oxidation and epimerization, which results in the formation of 3-keto-deoxynivalenol (3-keto-DON) by Agrobacterium-Rhizobium E3-39 or D107 (Shima et al, 1997; Fuchs et al, 2000; Wilson et al, 2017) and 3- epi -deoxynivalenol (3 - epi - DON) by Nocardioides WSN05-2, Devosia mutans 17-2-E-8, and Sphingomonas S3-4, respectively (Ikunaga et al, 2011; Hassan et al, 2016; He et al, 2016a,b), have also been reported. Furthermore, glycosylation, acetylation, hydration, and hydroxylation have been identified to be involved in the process, based on decreased toxicity of the final metabolites compared with that of DON (Poppenberger et al, 2003; He et al, 2015; Pierron et al, 2016; Springler et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detoxification of Deoxynivalenol by a Mixed Culture of Soil Bacteria With 3-epi-Deoxynivalenol as the Main Intermediate

et al. 2019

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Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a widely distributed mycotoxin that frequently occurs in various agricultural raw materials and feeds. DON acts as a virulence factor that accelerates the spread of plant diseases; moreover, its accumulation in grains causes yield loss and serious health problems to humans and livestock. Biodegradation of DON into less- or non-toxic substances using naturally existing microorganisms is considered the best approach for DON detoxification. Although various single isolates and mixed cultures capable of detoxifying DON have been reported, details of the metabolic pathways and the degrading enzymes/coding genes involved are scarce. In this study, we aimed to isolate DON-degrading bacteria from soil samples and explore the mechanisms. Toward this end, 85 soil samples collected from different provinces in China were enriched under aerobic conditions with mineral media containing 50 μg/ml of DON as the sole carbon source. The bacterial consortium LZ-N1 exhibited highly efficient and steady DON-transforming activity. High-throughput sequencing was used to characterize the composition of the involved microflora, and analysis of 16S rRNA sequences indicated that LZ-N1 was composed of at least 11 bacterial genera, with Pseudomonas accounting for nearly half the relative abundance. Coincubation of a mixed culture of two novel strains from the LZ-N1 consortium, namely Pseudomonas sp. Y1 and Lysobacter sp. S1, showed sustained transformation of DON into the metabolite 3-epi-deoxynivalenol, with no degradation products detected after 72 h. The cell-free supernatant, lysate, and cell debris of the mixed culture possessed DON-degrading ability, with the supernatant reaching a DON degradation rate of 100% within 48 h with 50 μg/ml of DON. This is the first report of two-step enzymatic epimerization of DON by a mixed culture, which may provide a new insight into this pathway for future applications in detoxification of DON-contaminated cereals and feed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detoxification of Deoxynivalenol by a Mixed Culture of Soil Bacteria With 3-epi-Deoxynivalenol as the Main Intermediate

et al. 2019

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“…In the microbial culture of Islam et al [ 23 ], capable of biotransforming DON into DOM-1, Stenotrophomonas was also present, next to a high abundance of Serratia . Lastly, a microbial culture from soil capable of degrading DON into 3-keto-DON contained mostly members of the genera Acinetobacter , Leadbetterella and Gemmata [ 34 ], whereas Acinetobacter was also found in all four enrichments of product B. In addition, Sphingomonas was present in the third enrichment, which is known to degrade DON into 3-keto-DON, 3-epi-DON or 16-HDON [ 48 , 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Enrichment Cultures Biotransform the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol into a Novel Metabolite Toxic to Plant and Porcine Cells

Vanhoutte

Tender

Demeyere

et al. 2021

Toxins

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The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), produced in wheat, barley and maize by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum, is threatening the health of humans and animals. With its worldwide high incidence in food and feed, mitigation strategies are needed to detoxify DON, maintaining the nutritional value and palatability of decontaminated commodities. A promising technique is biological degradation, where microorganisms are used to biotransform mycotoxins into less toxic metabolites. In this study, bacterial enrichment cultures were screened for their DON detoxification potential, where DON and its potential derivatives were monitored. The residual phytotoxicity was determined through a bioassay using the aquatic plant Lemna minor L. Two bacterial enrichment cultures were found to biotransform DON into a still highly toxic metabolite for plants. Furthermore, a cytotoxic effect was observed on the cellular viability of intestinal porcine epithelial cells. Through liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis, an unknown compound was detected, and tentatively characterized with a molecular weight of 30.0 Da (i.e., CH2O) higher than DON. Metabarcoding of the subsequently enriched bacterial communities revealed a shift towards the genera Sphingopyxis, Pseudoxanthomonas, Ochrobactrum and Pseudarthrobacter. This work describes the discovery of a novel bacterial DON-derived metabolite, toxic to plant and porcine cells.

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“…Wilson et al [ 7 ] reported the screening of plant and soil samples for microorganisms capable of degrading trichothecenes and eventually identified two mixed cultures consistently decreasing DON levels through oxidation to 3-keto-DON. Another study screened 43 bacterial isolates and identified Bacillus shackletonii L7, which is capable of reducing aflatoxin B1 (AFB 1 ), AFB 2 , and AFM 1 [ 8 ] where a thermostable-enzyme enriched in the culture’s supernatant was purified with an estimated molecular mass of 22 kDa.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Promising Detoxification Strategies to Mitigate Mycotoxins in Food and Feed

Hassan

Zhou

2018

Toxins

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Modification of the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol Using Microorganisms Isolated from Environmental Samples

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Detoxification of Deoxynivalenol by a Mixed Culture of Soil Bacteria With 3-epi-Deoxynivalenol as the Main Intermediate

Detoxification of Deoxynivalenol by a Mixed Culture of Soil Bacteria With 3-epi-Deoxynivalenol as the Main Intermediate

Bacterial Enrichment Cultures Biotransform the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol into a Novel Metabolite Toxic to Plant and Porcine Cells

Promising Detoxification Strategies to Mitigate Mycotoxins in Food and Feed

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