Promising Detoxification Strategies to Mitigate Mycotoxins in Food and Feed

Hassan, Yousef I.; Zhou, Ting

doi:10.3390/toxins10030116

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As it is one of the most widespread mycotoxins in the world [3,4,5], it not only affects food safety, but also accumulates in the food chain, causing serious harm to animals and even humans [6,7,8,9]. The detoxification of ZEA usually involves the use of some physical, chemical, or biological method to eliminate (or weaken) its toxicity [10,11,12]. However, the physical and chemical detoxification changes in the nutritional structure of the feed during the detoxification process, and the detoxification agents used may also cause secondary pollution to the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detoxification Strategies for Zearalenone Using Microorganisms: A Review

Wang

Pan

et al. 2019

Microorganisms

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Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi that is commonly found in cereal crops. ZEA has an estrogen-like effect which affects the reproductive function of animals. It also damages the liver and kidneys and reduces immune function which leads to cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity. At present, the detoxification of mycotoxins is mainly accomplished using biological methods. Microbial-based methods involve zearalenone conversion or adsorption, but not all transformation products are nontoxic. In this paper, the non-pathogenic microorganisms which have been found to detoxify ZEA in recent years are summarized. Then, two mechanisms by which ZEA can be detoxified (adsorption and biotransformation) are discussed in more detail. The compounds produced by the subsequent degradation of ZEA and the heterogeneous expression of ZEA-degrading enzymes are also analyzed. The development trends in the use of probiotics as a ZEA detoxification strategy are also evaluated. The overall purpose of this paper is to provide a reliable reference strategy for the biological detoxification of ZEA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detoxification Strategies for Zearalenone Using Microorganisms: A Review

Wang

Pan

et al. 2019

Microorganisms

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“…This process is an irreversible and environmentally friendly method of detoxification, as it does not leave toxic residues or unwanted by-products. A large number of detoxifying studies were performed in the 1980s and 1990s on ochratoxin A, trichothecenes and zearalenone [32,46,98,104,105,106]. While initial in vitro reports of the microbial mycotoxins detoxification can be dated back to the 1960s, until now, only a few organically transforming agents mainly microorganisms were tested in vivo for their efficacy.…”

Section: Biological Detoxification and Biotransformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decontamination of Mycotoxin-Contaminated Feedstuffs and Compound Feed

Čolović

Puvača

Cheli

et al. 2019

Toxins

141

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Mycotoxins are known worldwide as fungus-produced toxins that adulterate a wide heterogeneity of raw feed ingredients and final products. Consumption of mycotoxins-contaminated feed causes a plethora of harmful responses from acute toxicity to many persistent health disorders with lethal outcomes; such as mycotoxicosis when ingested by animals. Therefore, the main task for feed producers is to minimize the concentration of mycotoxin by applying different strategies aimed at minimizing the risk of mycotoxin effects on animals and human health. Once mycotoxins enter the production chain it is hard to eliminate or inactivate them. This paper examines the most recent findings on different processes and strategies for the reduction of toxicity of mycotoxins in animals. The review gives detailed information about the decontamination approaches to mitigate mycotoxin contamination of feedstuffs and compound feed, which could be implemented in practice.

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“…In general, the application of mitigation strategies to further reduce the content of mycotoxins in compliant food and feed batches is receiving increasing interest to ensure a safer supply chain [12]. Specifically, mitigation strategies refer to processes applied along the production chain that may reduce the abundance of specific mycotoxins via chemical, physical, or biological means, with the latter including bacteria, yeasts, molds, and enzymes [13][14][15]. Enzyme-based strategies merit attention thanks to their efficacy in detoxifying specific mycotoxins, including OTA, aflatoxin B1, fumonisin B 1 , and zearalenone, and their theoretical multi-situ applicability along the production chain [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An In Silico Target Fishing Approach to Identify Novel Ochratoxin A Hydrolyzing Enzyme

Dellafiora

Gonaus²,

Streit³

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin that is of utmost concern in food and feed safety, is produced by fungal species that mainly belong to the Aspergillus and Penicillium genera. The development of mitigation strategies to reduce OTA content along the supply chains is key to ensuring safer production of food and feed. Enzyme-based strategies are among the most promising methods due to their specificity, efficacy, and multi-situ applicability. In particular, some enzymes are already known for hydrolyzing OTA into ochratoxin alpha (OTα) and phenylalanine (Phe), eventually resulting in detoxification action. Therefore, the discovery of novel OTA hydrolyzing enzymes, along with the advancement of an innovative approach for their identification, could provide a broader basis to develop more effective mitigating strategies in the future. In the present study, a hybrid in silico/in vitro workflow coupling virtual screening with enzymatic assays was applied in order to identify novel OTA hydrolyzing enzymes. Among the various hits, porcine carboxypeptidase B was identified for the first time as an effective OTA hydrolyzing enzyme. The successful experimental endorsement of findings of the workflow confirms that the presented strategy is suitable for identifying novel OTA hydrolyzing enzymes, and it might be relevant for the discovery of other mycotoxin- mitigating enzymes.

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Promising Detoxification Strategies to Mitigate Mycotoxins in Food and Feed

Abstract: Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites associated with adverse human health and animal productivity consequences.[...]

Cited by 29 publications

References 26 publications

Detoxification Strategies for Zearalenone Using Microorganisms: A Review

Detoxification Strategies for Zearalenone Using Microorganisms: A Review

Decontamination of Mycotoxin-Contaminated Feedstuffs and Compound Feed

An In Silico Target Fishing Approach to Identify Novel Ochratoxin A Hydrolyzing Enzyme

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