Modification of spontaneous mammary tumors in mice fed different sources of protein, fat and carbohydrate

Gridley, Daila S.; Slater, James M.; Nutter, Robert L.

doi:10.1016/0304-3835(83)90147-7

Cited by 33 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In a mouse study, soy intake was shown to increase spontaneous mammary gland tumors (30). In another study, a 2-wk supplement of soy protein given to women with benign or malignant breast disease was found to have estrogenic effects in breast tissue (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent and adult soy food intake and breast cancer risk: results from the Shanghai Women’s Health Study

Lee

Shu

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

192

132

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Background: Soy food is a rich source of isoflavones-a class of phytoestrogens that has both antiestrogenic and anticarcinogenic properties. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the association of adolescent and adult soy food intake with breast cancer risk in a cohort of 73,223 Chinese women who participated in the Shanghai Women's Health Study. Design: A validated food-frequency questionnaire was used to assess usual dietary intake during adulthood and adolescence. After a mean follow-up of 7.4 y, 592 incident cases of breast cancer were identified for longitudinal analyses by using Cox regressions. Results: Adult soy food consumption, measured either by soy protein or isoflavone intake, was inversely associated with the risk of premenopausal breast cancer, and the association was highly statistically significant (P for trend , 0.001). The multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RRs) for the upper intake quintile compared with the lowest quintile were 0.41 (95% CI: 0.25, 0.70) for soy protein intake and 0.44 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.73) for isoflavone intake. High intake of soy foods during adolescence was also associated with a reduced risk of premenopausal breast cancer (RR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.97). Women who consumed a high amount of soy foods consistently during adolescence and adulthood had a substantially reduced risk of breast cancer. No significant association with soy food consumption was found for postmenopausal breast cancer. Conclusion: This large, population-based, prospective cohort study provides strong evidence of a protective effect of soy food intake against premenopausal breast cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent and adult soy food intake and breast cancer risk: results from the Shanghai Women’s Health Study

Lee

Shu

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

192

132

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“…Furthermore, the reduction of tumour number in the study by Gotoh et al (1998b) appeared to be a function primarily of a delay in tumour appearance. Finally, although Gridley et al (1983) found that textured soyabean protein did slightly increase the latency period for spontaneous tumours, ®nal cancer incidence was not affected.…”

Section: Soyabean Intake and Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Each of the four studies that used non-fermented, whole soyabean products reported protective effects (Troll et al 1980;Gridley et al 1983;Barnes et al 1990;Gotoh et al 1998b). In the study by Troll et al (1980), however, raw soyabeans were used and the body weight of soyabean-fed rats was 10 % lower than that of control animals.…”

Section: Soyabean Intake and Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of phyto-oestrogens on tissues

Anderson¹,

Anthony²,

Messina³

et al. 1999

Nutr. Res. Rev.

145

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Recent investigations on the effects of phyto-oestrogens on various tissues have revealed that these diverse molecules may improve human health, particularly by protecting against certain chronic diseases. After a brief examination of the food sources, structures, and general cellular actions of the major phyto-oestrogens, current research ®ndings on cardiovascular disease, skeletal tissues, and reproductive cancers are reviewed. Phytooestrogen concentrations in blood may be maintained at high levels in those consuming soyabean (Glycine max)-based food daily at several meals and exert their effects on target cells through either genomic effects via the classical oestrogen receptors or non-genomic effects mediated by membrane-bound oestrogen receptors or other cellular proteins. The expression of oestrogen receptor (OR) subtypes alpha (a) and beta (b) varies across tissues, and cells that preferentially express OR-b, which may include bone cells, are more likely to respond to phyto-oestrogens. Conversely, reproductive tissues contain relatively more OR-a and may, thus, be differently affected by phyto-oestrogens. Soyabean phytooestrogens appear to prevent the progression of atherosclerosis through multiple interactions, including lowering of plasma lipids and lipoproteins, increased vasodilatation and, possibly, decreased activation of blood platelets and vascular smooth muscle cells. However, a favourable impact on cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality by a soyabean-enriched western-type diet remains to be shown, and unresolved questions remain regarding dose and form of the phyto-oestrogens in relation to risks and bene®ts. The iso¯avones of soyabean have been shown consistently to have bone-retentive effects in animal studies by several investigators using rodent models, although intakes must be above a relatively high threshold level for a lengthy period of time, and little or no extra bene®t is observed with intakes above this threshold level. The reports of modest or no effects on prevention of bone loss in human and non-human primate studies respectively, may be due to the limited doses tested so far. The relationship between soyabean-food intake and cancer risk has been more extensively investigated than for any other disease, but with less certainty Abbreviations: MNV, N-nitroso-N-methylurea; OR, oestrogen receptor; ORE, oestrogen response element; OVX, ovariectomized; SORM, selective oestrogen receptor modulator.

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“…For example, soy intake has been found to increase spontaneous mammary gland tumors in mice (8). Moreover, the use of a soy protein supplement for 2 weeks by women with benign or malignant breast disease was found to have estrogenic effects on the breasts of these individuals (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of high-isoflavone soy diet vs. casein protein diet and obesity on DMBA-induced mammary tumor development

Hakkak

Shaaf

et al. 2010

Oncology Letters

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Abstract. Obesity and elevated serum insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level are major risk factors in the development of breast cancer. We investigated the long-term effects of highisoflavone soy intake and obesity on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumor development and on serum IGF-1 and binding protein (IGFBP-3) levels. Lean and obese female Zucker rats fed casein or highisoflavone soy protein were orally gavaged at age 50 days with DMBA and sacrificed after 147 days. The majority of lean casein-fed rats (69%) developed mammary tumors compared to 50% in lean soy-fed rats (P=0.176). In the obese groups, 76% of soy-fed rats developed mammary tumors compared to 15% of obese casein-fed rats (P<0.001). At age 43 days, IGFBP-3 was increased in the lean soy-fed rats compared to the lean casein-fed rats (P<0.05). At age 99 days, soy-and obese casein-fed rats exhibited increased serum IGF-1 compared to the lean rats and this increase was maintained for the rest of the experiment (P<0.05). Obese rats fed casein exhibited increased IGFBP-3 levels (P<0.001). However, obese rats fed soy exhibited a significant decrease in IGFBP-3 levels compared to the lean soy-fed rats (P<0.001) and a significant decrease in IGFBP-3 levels compared to the obese casein-fed rats (P<0.001). At age 197 days, IGFBP-3 levels were increased in obese casein-and soy-fed rats (P<0.001). The results suggest that female Zucker rats fed casein diets are protected against DMBA-induced mammary tumors, which is not the case for those on high-isoflavone soy diet, and changes in the concentration of serum IGFBP-3 may contribute to the incidence of DMBA-induced mammary tumors.

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Modification of spontaneous mammary tumors in mice fed different sources of protein, fat and carbohydrate

Cited by 33 publications

References 17 publications

Adolescent and adult soy food intake and breast cancer risk: results from the Shanghai Women’s Health Study

Adolescent and adult soy food intake and breast cancer risk: results from the Shanghai Women’s Health Study

Effects of phyto-oestrogens on tissues

Effects of high-isoflavone soy diet vs. casein protein diet and obesity on DMBA-induced mammary tumor development

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