Modification of pro‐inflammatory signaling by dietary components: The plasma membrane as a target

Abstract

You are what you eat - this well-known phrase properly describes the phenomenon of the effects of diet on acute and chronic inflammation. Several lipids and lipophilic compounds that are delivered with food or are produced in situ in pathological conditions exert immunomodulatory activity due to their interactions with the plasma membrane. This group of compounds includes cholesterol and its oxidized derivatives, fatty acids, α-tocopherol, and polyphenols. Despite their structural heterogeneity, all these compounds ultimately induce changes in plasma membrane architecture and fluidity. By doing this, they modulate the dynamics of plasma membrane receptors, such as TLR4. This receptor is activated by lipopolysaccharide, triggering acute inflammation during bacterial infection, which often leads to sepsis and is linked with diverse chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss how the impact on plasma membrane properties contributes to the immunomodulatory activity of dietary compounds, pointing to the therapeutic potential of some of them. Also watch the Video Abstract.

Differential Effects of MitoVitE, α-Tocopherol and Trolox on Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Function and Inflammatory Signalling Pathways in Endothelial Cells Cultured under Conditions Mimicking Sepsis

“…It has been suggested that some of the anti-inflammatory effects of tocopherol are independent of its antioxidant activity [44]. Plasma membrane lipid rafts containing tocopherol can interact with TLRs and may be important in the response to LPS exposure and sepsis [45,46].…”

Toll-like receptor-4 signaling pathway in aorta aging and diseases: “its double nature”

“…This could also be valid for the animals used as a model of study. Furthermore, as mentioned above, the TLR-4 function and expression are modulated not only by genetic variants and haplotypes [11,85,86] but also by environmental factors (such as diet [138][139][140][141], mite allergens [142], air pollution [143]), and their cross-interaction with microbiota [141], which may remain in a healthy state or show alterations (i.e. dysbiosis and consequent endotoxemia associated with age or obesity) [144,145]and consequent epigenetic changes [146,147].…”

Udział lipidów w regulacji prozapalnych szlaków sygnałowych indukowanych przez lipopolisacharyd

“…These data show the influence of dietary lipids on the inflammatory reactions of the organism providing a rationale for pro-health changes in dietary habits. They also justify the interest in the molecular mechanisms of the pro-and anti-inflammatory properties of dietary components, as we discussed in [30,31].…”