Modification of polyethylene by radiation-induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid

The graft copolymerization of acrylic acid onto low-density polyethylene films by simultaneous g-ray irradiation was carried out. The effect of water and ethanol as grafting solvents on the distribution of grafted poly (acrylic acid) in the low-density polyethylene films was studied with optical microscopy observations of dyed and sliced samples and attenuated total reflection/Fourier infrared spectroscopy analysis. When no vigorous homopolymerization occurred, both polyethylene and poly(acrylic acid) existed in the grafted layer, and the thickness of the grafted layer and the poly(acrylic acid) concentration in the grafted layer increased with an increasing degree of grafting, regardless of the grafting conditions, the former increasing faster than the latter. In comparison with water as the sol-vent, in the absence of the inhibitor, homopolymerization could be suppressed to a certain degree in the ethanol solvent system, whereas in the presence of the inhibitor, obvious homopolymerization occurred at a lower monomer concentration, and both the degree of grafting and the thickness of the grafted layer were lower. Such differences could be explained by the chain transfer and the relatively low solubility of poly(acrylic acid) in ethanol. In addition, an experimental scheme using optical microscopy to observe the dyed and sliced polymers was optimized.

Section: Study Of the Distribution Of Grafted Chains By Optical Microsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of acrylic acid grafted chains introduced into polyethylene film by simultaneous radiation grafting with water and ethanol as solvents

Hou

Chen

Sheng

2006

“…This is commonly observed for many radiation-induced graftings on polymer films. 14,15 It can be seen that with high doses the thickness increases drastically as grafting penetrates the inside of film, as shown in Figure 7. Table II].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Functionalization of polypropylene film by radiation grafting of acryloyl chloride and subsequent esterification with Disperse Red 1

Bucio

Burillo

Carreón-Castro

et al. 2004

Polypropylene (PP) films were grafted with acryloyl chloride by ␥-irradiation, and the grafted films were reacted with an azo dye, Disperse Red 1. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that the grafting takes place first on the film surface, and with increase in the radiation dose the grafting penetrated inside of the film, decreasing the crystallinity of the PP film. The surface of the films was homogeneous, and a mesophase was observed for the film grafted with the dye through a polarized optical microscope. The dye underwent trans to cis photoreaction, whereby the red films became colorless by the irradiation of UV light at room temperature, although the color was recovered on standing, and more quickly when heated.

“…[13][14][15] To the best of our knowledge, the present investigation is the first to demonstrate the adsorption of Hg 2ϩ ions from an aqueous solution on the ET-gPAAc copolymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Physicochemical investigation of radiation‐grafted poly(acrylic acid)‐graft‐poly(tetrafluoroethylene–ethylene) copolymer membranes and their use in metal recovery from aqueous solution

El‐Sawy

Al‐Sagheer

2002

ET-g-PAAc membranes were obtained by radiation grafting of acrylic acid onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene) copolymer films using a mutual technique. The ion selectivity of the grafted membranes was determined toward K ϩ , Ag , ϩ Hg 2ϩ , Co 2ϩ , and Cu 2ϩ in a mixed aqueous solution. The ion-exchange capacity of the grafted membranes was measured by back titration and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The Hg 2ϩ ion content of the membrane was more than that of either the K ϩ or Ag ϩ ions. The presence of metal ions in the membranes was studied by infrared and energy-dispersive spectroscopy measurements. Scanning electron microscopy of the grafted and metaltreated grafted membranes showed modification of the morphology of the surface due to the adsorption of K ϩ and Ag ϩ ions. No change was observed for the surface of the membrane that was treated with Hg 2ϩ ions. The thermal stability of different membranes was improved more with Ag ϩ and Hg 2ϩ ions than with K ϩ ions. It was found that the modified grafted membranes possessed good hydrophilicity, which may make them promising candidates for practical applications, such as for cation-exchange membranes in the recovery of metals from an aqueous solution.