Functionalization of polypropylene film by radiation grafting of acryloyl chloride and subsequent esterification with Disperse Red 1

Abstract

Polypropylene (PP) films were grafted with acryloyl chloride by ␥-irradiation, and the grafted films were reacted with an azo dye, Disperse Red 1. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that the grafting takes place first on the film surface, and with increase in the radiation dose the grafting penetrated inside of the film, decreasing the crystallinity of the PP film. The surface of the films was homogeneous, and a mesophase was observed for the film grafted with the dye through a polarized optical microscope. The dye underwent trans to cis photoreaction, whereby the red films became colorless by the irradiation of UV light at room temperature, although the color was recovered on standing, and more quickly when heated.

Photoluminescent Grafted Polymers: Synthesis and Properties of a Polyethylene Matrix Covalently Linked with Porphyrin Units

“…After exposure of the polymer film to gamma radiation, free radicals are formed inside the polymer chains, which are then able to react with a monomer containing a vinyl functional group. Afterward, the formation of the modified polymer will be completed by reaction with a nucleophilic agent . The most commonly used vinyl monomer is acryloyl chloride (AC), which showed to give better yields than methacryloyl chloride .…”

The synthesis and characterisation of thiol-bearing C. I. Disperse Red 1

“…This OH group can be converted into other functional groups such as alkoxysilane [8] depending on the materials the dye is intended to be incorporated within. Interestingly, DR1 exhibits a second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) effect, and has photoresponsive properties based on light-induced trans-cis isomerisation [9]. The research acts as a template for the covalent coupling of small thiol-containing molecules to the hydroxyl functional group that exists within many dye molecules, and consequently may be exploited for the creation of thiol-containing dye molecules.…”

Dye conjugation to linseed oil by highly-effective thiol-ene coupling and subsequent esterification reactions

“…This enables the uniform dye distribution into the substrate, preventing dye aggregation. DR1 is a commercially available dye that exhibits second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) effect [33] and photo-responsive properties based on light-induced trans-cis isomerisation [34]. The synthesis was accomplished in two straightforward reaction steps.…”