Modification of egg shell and its application in biodiesel production

Niju, Subramaniapillai; Meera, K.; Begum, Shameedha; Anantharaman, N.

doi:10.1016/j.jscs.2014.02.010

Cited by 171 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This is potential to be converted into calcium oxide (CaO) to act actively as solid base catalyst for transesterification process. Several types of Ca sources have been used as green CaO catalyst for biodiesel synthesis, this included eggshell (Khemthong et al, 2012;Niju et al, 2014;Oliveira et al, 2013), snails (Birla et al, 2012;Viriya-Empikul et al, 2012), mudcrabs (Boey et al, 2009), cockles (Boey et al, 2010), scallops (Buasri et al, 2013), mussels (Sharma et al, 2010), oysters (Nakatani et al, 2009), waste capiz (Suryaputra et al, 2013), white bivalves (Girish et al, 2013), bovine bone (Smith et al, 2013), cuttle bone and sheep bone (Obadiah et al, 2012). In summary, the waste shells derived CaO rendered high transesterification activity with >98% of triglyceride conversion and biodiesel selectivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and catalytic activity of hydration–dehydration treated clamshell derived CaO for biodiesel production

Asikin-Mijan

Lee

Taufiq‐Yap

2015

Chemical Engineering Research and Design

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and catalytic activity of hydration–dehydration treated clamshell derived CaO for biodiesel production

Asikin-Mijan

Lee

Taufiq‐Yap

2015

Chemical Engineering Research and Design

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“…Variations of climate encourage the vegetation diversity and so, the study over possible vegetation oil is needed to use biodiesel at industrial scale for each country. Waste frying oil was also used by several authors to produce biodiesel [12][13][14][15]. Biodiesel can be synthesized either with heterogeneous or homogeneous solid acid and/or base catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil using waste eggshell and study of its fuel properties

et al. 2015

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High purity calcium oxide (CaO) was prepared from egg shell and was used as a catalyst for the production of biodiesel. Non-edible oil, Jatropha curcas was used as a feedstock for the synthesis of biodiesel. High purity calcium oxide (CaO) was obtained when the egg shell was subjected to calcination at 900 °C for ~ 2.5 h.Confirmation of the catalyst was arried out by X-Ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), and Differential thermal and thermo-gravimetric (DTA-TGA) analysis. Synthesized biodiesel was characterized with 1H NMR. High yield and pure biodiesel was obtained by taking various parameters such as a proper methanol to oil molar ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time. Reusability of catalyst was observed and the catalyst worked efficiently up to six times without significant loss of activity. Physical and chemical properties of biodiesel such as density, kinematic viscosity, cloud point, etc. were studied. Figure 5 Effect of molar ratio (oil to methanol) on the yield of methyl ester.Figure 6 Effect of reaction temperature on the yield of methyl ester.Figure 8 Effect of stirring speed on the yield of methyl ester.

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“…Our preliminary study also reveals the efficiency of Achatina fulica as catalyst for biodiesel production due to calcium oxide properties [10]. Other studies shows modification of egg shell can be conducted in order to search heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production [11]. Scallop shell also shows effective catalyst for biodiesel production [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Transesterification of Tropical Edible Oils to Biodiesel Using Catalyst From Scylla serrata

Mohadi

Harahap²,

Hidayati³

et al. 2016

sje

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Scylla serata shell was decomposed at various temperatures ranging from 700-1100 o C to obtain calcium oxide. Calcium oxide from decomposed Scylla serrata shell was characterized through X-Ray analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and morphology analysis. Furthermore, decomposed Scylla serrata shell was used as catalyst for transesterification of tropical edible oils to form biodiesel. Biodiesel was characterized through density, viscosity, fatty acid value, and iodine number. The results showed that decomposed Scylla serrata shell at 900 o C could produce calcium oxide similar with standard, which was indicated from X-ray powder diffraction pattern of decomposed shell with JCPDS data. FTIR spectrum showed that main vibration of calcium oxide was observed at 393 cm -1 . Morphology analysis using SEM indicated that uniform calcium oxide was obtained after decomposition. The use of decomposed shell as base catalyst for transesterification of tropical edible oils resulted biodiesel with density, viscosity, fatty acid value, and iodine number appropriated with SNI standard. Keywords: transesterification, edible oils, biodiesel, Scylla serrataAbstrak (Indonesian): Scyalla serrata telah didekomposisi pada berbagai suhu dari 700-1100 o C untuk diperoleh kalsium oksida. Kalsium oksida hasil dekomposisi dari cangkang Scylla serrata dikarakterisasi melalui pengukuran sinar X, analisis FTIR, dan analisis morfologi. Lebih lanjut, dekomposisi cangkang Scylla serrata digunakan sebagai katalis transesterifikasi minyak yang dimakan dari daerah tropis menjadi biodisel. Biodiesel dikarakterisasi melalui penentuan densitas, viskositas, nilai asam lemak, dan bilangan iod. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dekomposisi cangkang Scylla serrata pada 900 o C dapat menghasilkan kalsium oksida mirip kalsium oksida standar yang diindikasikan dari pola difraksi XRD yang mirip data JCPDS. Spektrum FTIR menunjukkan vibrasi utama kalsium oksida teramati pada bilangan gelombang 393 cm -1 . Analisis morfologi menggunakan SEM menunjukkan bahwa bentuk yang lebih seragam diperoleh setelah proses dekomposisi. Penggunaan cangkang hasil dekomposisi sebagai katalis basa untuk transesterifikasi minyak yang dimakan dari daerah tropis menghasilkan biodisel dengan densitas, viskositas, nilai asam lemak, dan bilangan iod yang sesuai dengan standar SNI. Kata kunci: transesterifikasi, minyak yang dimakan dari daerah tropis, biodiesel, Scylla serrata

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Modification of egg shell and its application in biodiesel production

Cited by 171 publications

References 28 publications

Synthesis and catalytic activity of hydration–dehydration treated clamshell derived CaO for biodiesel production

Synthesis and catalytic activity of hydration–dehydration treated clamshell derived CaO for biodiesel production

Synthesis of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil using waste eggshell and study of its fuel properties

Transesterification of Tropical Edible Oils to Biodiesel Using Catalyst From Scylla serrata

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