Modification of a steel fiber with a graphene based bucky gel for headspace solid-phase microextraction of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons prior to their quantification by GC

Pirmohammadi

Biomedical Chromatography

2021

The biomarker analysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEXs) in biological samples is the primary technique for evaluating these compounds in occupational and environmental exposures. The BTEX biomarkers are widely used to study the BTEX distribution in the environment and workplaces. Liquid–liquid extraction and solid‐phase liquid extraction are among the most commonly used conventional methods to analyze biological indices of BTEXs. New methods have been proposed to analyze BTEX biomarkers using novel adsorbents such as sol–gel composite nanotubes, molecularly imprinted polymers and metal–organic frameworks, which are based on the application of needle trap devices, microextraction by packed sorbent, and solid‐phase microextraction techniques. This paper provides an overview of new methods since 2015 regarding applying microextraction methods based on new adsorbents and analyzing BTEX biomarker compounds for occupational and environmental exposures. The results were compared with the liquid‐phase microextraction methods recommended for urinary BTEX biomarkers.

Section: Spmementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spmementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of new adsorbents for separation of BTEX biomarkers

Pirmohammadi

Biomedical Chromatography

2021

“…In this case, the carbon materials are used as a support for the synthesis of MPs increasing the surface area of the material, and then, the magnetic carbon material is subsequently modified with the IL. Regarding the type of carbonaceous materials used in the extraction schemes to prepare the composite, most of the studies use GO [58,62,64,65,95,[97][98][99][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113], followed by G [57,63,100,102,114], while a few have reported the use of SWCNTs [96] and MWCNTs [59,60,77,101]. This may be due to the easy preparation of GO and G in comparison with the three-dimensional structures.…”

Section: Carbonaceous-based Ionic-liquid Composites (C-ils)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the ILs, the vast majority of C-ILs materials use the more conventional and easily tunable imidazolium-based ILs [57][58][59][60][62][63][64]95,[97][98][99][100][101][102][103]105,106,[108][109][110][111][112][113][114], but guanidinium-based [65,107] and DABCO-based ILs [96] have also been used. With regards to the anions, both hydrophilic ILs with halide anions [58,[61][62][63]65,77,95,96,98,100,106,110,112,113] and hydrophobic ILs with [PF 6 − ] as an anion have been reported [57,59,60,64,97,99,[101]…”

Section: Carbonaceous-based Ionic-liquid Composites (C-ils)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Ionic Liquids in Composites in Analytical Sample Preparation

et al. 2020

Ionic liquids (ILs) are a group of non-conventional salts with melting points below 100 °C. Apart from their negligible vapor pressure at room temperature, high thermal stability, and impressive solvation properties, ILs are characterized by their tunability. Given such nearly infinite combinations of cations and anions, and the easy modification of their structures, ILs with specific properties can be synthesized. These characteristics have attracted attention regarding their use as extraction phases in analytical sample preparation methods, particularly in liquid-phase extraction methods. Given the liquid nature of most common ILs, their incorporation in analytical sample preparation methods using solid sorbents requires the preparation of solid derivatives, such as polymeric ILs, or the combination of ILs with other materials to prepare solid IL-based composites. In this sense, many solid composites based on ILs have been prepared with improved features, including magnetic particles, carbonaceous materials, polymers, silica materials, and metal-organic frameworks, as additional materials forming the composites. This review aims to give an overview on the preparation and applications of IL-based composites in analytical sample preparation in the period 2017–2020, paying attention to the role of the IL material in those composites to understand the effect of the individual components in the sorbent.

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

“…The researches showed that the chemical and the physical properties of sorbents affected adsorption and removal efficiency of VOCs pollutions in air (Teimoori et al 2020;Lara-Ibeas et al 2020;Mozaffari et al 2020). Recently, the different ILs, TSILs and ILs coated on the carbon structure were used for extraction of toxic metals, VOCs and other aromatic compounds in the different matrixes such as, waters and air (Salar-García et al 2017;Santiago et al 2016;Mahboobeh Yousefi et al 2018;Belenguer-Sapiña et al 2019;Rangkooy et al 2019). Moreover, the different sorbents and techniques such as the fullerene nanoparticles based on UV-photocatalytic oxidation method (UV-PCOM), the functionalized graphene-trimethoxyphenyl silane with sorbent gas extraction (FGTMPhS-SGE), the multi-walled carbon nanotubes by gas chromatography (MWCNTs-GC-FID), the static headspace with GC-MS (SHS-GC-MS) and the nanographene (NG) or CNTs as solid-phase extraction based on the GC or cold vapor-atomic absorption spectrometry (SPE-GC-FID/CV-AAS) were used for the removal of hazardous pollutants such as BTEX, mercury vapor and H 2 S gas from air (Ebrahimi 2019;Miran Beigi and Shamsipur 2019;Mostafavi and Ebrahimi 2019;Kazemi and Yaqoubi 2019;Arjomandi 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic and static removal of benzene from air based on task-specific ionic liquid coated on MWCNTs by sorbent tube-headspace solid-phase extraction procedure

Ashouri

Shirkhanloo

Rashidi³

et al. 2020

Human exposure to high levels of benzene in the air leads to toxic effects in human body and so, it is necessary to determine by high sensitivity and precision methodology. A simple and efficient method based on the triphenyl(3-sulfopropyl) phosphonium p-toluenesulfonate as TSIL was coated on multi-walled carbon nanotubes ([TPhPP][SUTO]-MWCNTs) and used for benzene vapor removal from air. By procedure, the tube and headspace sorbent based on solid-phase extraction coupled to gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (ST/HS-SPE-GC-FID) was used in dynamic and static systems, respectively. All effected factors including the flow rate, the mass sorbent, benzene concentration, the contact time and the temperature were optimized in dynamic and static systems. Chamber was designed for benzene generation in pure air, and then, mixture of gas moved to passive thermal desorption tubes (ST) or head space (HS) in the glass chromatography vials as dynamic and static methods, respectively. The benzene was eliminated from air with 10 mg of ([TPhPP][SUTO]-MWCNTs); C 28 H 29 O 6 PS 2 -MWCNTs, 1:1] at 25 °C, desorbed from the sorbent at 95 °C and measured by GC-FID. The removal efficiency and the absorption capacity of [TPhPP][SUTO]-MWCNTs for benzene were obtained to be 98.8% and 169.6 mg g −1 at flow rate of 300 ml min −1 . The chemical adsorption of benzene from air was related to π-π, electrostatic, hydrophobic interactions between aromatic chains of TSILs with the benzene molecules, and it caused the increase the removal efficiently of benzene vapor from air more than 95%. The results were validated by GC-MS and spiking of real samples which was determined by GC-FID.