Modernization of Small Swine Farms With Closed Cycle of Production

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to assess the relevance of modernization of small pig farms with a closed production cycle. Research methods. Analytical research on the relevance of modernization of small pig farms with a closed production cycle was carried out by the method of processing existing scientific and informational reports. Research results. When organizing pork production at the farm level, the most important measures should be on the production flow, formation of homogeneous technological groups of pigs, herd reproduction, sow keeping, quality of feed rations, creating a proper microclimate, compliance with production technology. One of the main factors holding back the growth of pork production is the lack of feed, their low quality and the constant shortage of digestible protein in feed rations for pigs. The existing premises of small pig farms do not fully meet modern requirements for the maintenance of various technological groups of pigs. The further development of pig farming requires important issues related to sanitary protection zones, animal welfare and environmental protection. It is important to ensure biosafety in pig farming and to implement appropriate veterinary practices and standards. In most pork farms, the genetic potential of domestic pig breeds is now used for reproductive qualities by only 45-50 %, and for fattening by 20-25 %. In the system of qualitative improvement of the breeding stock of farms, the disadvantage is the unsystematic use of reared young pigs, 70% of the products are sold to meat processing plants. When modernizing small pig farms with a full cycle of pork production, among other things, it is necessary to take into account the size and resource characteristics of basic farms to achieve high efficiency of production. Conclusions. According to the results of analytical studies, for the first time the urgency of modernization of small pig farms with a closed production cycle was assessed. The constant shortage of digestible protein in feed rations for pigs is holding back the increase in pork production. Premises of small pig farms do not meet modern requirements for keeping different sex and age groups of pigs. In general, biosecurity and the implementation of good veterinary practices and standards are important in pig farming. There is a low level of realization of the genetic potential of domestic breeds of pigs. The disadvantage should be considered the unsystematic use of raised young. During the modernization of small pig farms, it is necessary to take into account the resource characteristics of farms to achieve high efficiency of pork production. Key words: production, small pig farms, modernization, modern requirements, pig breeding, pork.