Modern Weapons and the Human Ear

Brasher, P. F.

doi:10.1136/jramc-115-04-02

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…There was large individual variation in susceptibility to impulse noise in both groups. This phenomenon is similar to that Brasher found in army soldiers who were shooting with assault rifles with no hearing protection (17).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Efficiency of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in experimental acute acoustic trauma from firearms

Kuokkanen¹

2000

Acta Oto-Laryngologica

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Kuokkanen J, Aarnisalo AA, Ylikoski J. Efficiency of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in experimental acute acoustic trauma from firearms. Acta Otolaryngol 2000; Suppl 543: 132-134.In acute acoustic trauma (AAT), excessive noise exposure causes rupture of cell membranes and decreased cochlear blood flow. This leads to decreased oxygen tension in inner ear fluids and reduction of a variety of different oxygen-dependent cellular activities. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBO) may help the cells suffering from hypoxia to survive. We exposed male Wistar rats to 60 impulses of 162-dB SPL from a 7.62-mm assault rifle equipped with a blank adaptor. After the exposure, 15 animals were given HBO treatment for 90 min daily for 10 consecutive days at 0.25 MPa. After a survival time of 4 weeks, auditory brainstem responses were measured and the left cochleae processed for light microscopy. The impulse noise caused permanent damage to the cochlea of all animals, with the most severe lesions in the lower middle coil, where a significantly smaller number of hair cells was missing in the HBO-treated group. The morphological damage was also reflected in function, as measured by auditory brainstem responses, which showed the greatest threshold shifts at 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0 kHz.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Efficiency of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in experimental acute acoustic trauma from firearms

Kuokkanen¹

2000

Acta Oto-Laryngologica

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“…It has been suggested that personnel may be dissuaded from wearing PHP for fear of being seen as ‘sissy or effeminate’,14 but such a simplistic viewpoint was conjectural and is outdated. At one time it was assumed that soldiers on sentry duty or on patrol in hostile territory would be at risk of injury in an ambush were they not able to hear a warning sign such as the snapping of a twig, rustling of leaves or the movement of a stone; these sound signs, however, suggest the enemy is far too close.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of personal hearing protection in hostile territory and the effect of health promotion activity: advice falling upon deaf ears

Jones

Pearson²

2015

J R Army Med Corps

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The reduction in the wearing of PHP appears to have been because the perceived diminished threat of enemy contact was outweighed by any benefit of health promotion activity. Reasons for poor compliance were not investigated, but it appears that behavioural factors, and specifically, leadership at the smallest unit level, are important. These should be investigated and considered in the development of future PHP.

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“…It was feared that due to the immensity of the exposure, large numbers of soldiers could have had a significant hearing loss, especially as previous studies by Brasher 4 and Coombe 15 had shown that as many as 50% of all individuals can be sensitive to impulse noise. The results, therefore, are gratifying in that the large majority of those tested and exposed are still within the acceptable limits of HI and H2 and no restrictions need be placed on their employment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Audiometric Survey of Royal Artillery Gun Crews Following “Operation Corporate”

Anderson

1984

J R Army Med Corps

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An Audiometric Survey was carried out on two batteries of 4 Fd Regt RA (n-84) who were exposed to massive levels of impulse noise during "OP CORPORATE". A control group (n-30) was obtained from the remaining battery which did not serve in the Falklands, and it was matched well in age, service and job. They completed a questionnaire, were physically examined and had an audiogram using the MAICO M26 computer audiometer. Results were related to PULHEEMS standards and compared. No subject in the control group was classed below H2 but in those exposed, 17 were H3 or worse. This is significant (p 0.01 for 1 df) but the significance is attenuated medically and statistically. No significant correlation was found between type of ear defender and degree of protection. The survey showed that sufficient numbers had been affected to necessitate a full examination of all troops who fought in East Falkland.

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Modern Weapons and the Human Ear

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Efficiency of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in experimental acute acoustic trauma from firearms

Efficiency of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in experimental acute acoustic trauma from firearms

The use of personal hearing protection in hostile territory and the effect of health promotion activity: advice falling upon deaf ears

An Audiometric Survey of Royal Artillery Gun Crews Following “Operation Corporate”

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