Modern slavery and public health: a rapid evidence assessment and an emergent public health approach

Such, Elizabeth; C, Laurent; Jaipaul, Ravi; Salway, Sarah

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2019.10.018

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Nevertheless, clarifying definitions and improving surveillance will not address the root causes and structural systems driving exploitation on a global scale. Partnerships that include interdisciplinary and multisector collaboration and implementation of multilevel evidence-based interventions are needed to achieve progress in addressing the root causes of labor exploitation [ 98 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern slavery and labor exploitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a conceptual model

Washburn

Diener

Curtis

et al. 2022

Global Health Action

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Background Modern slavery is a complex global health problem that includes forced labor exploitation. An ecological systems perspective is needed to understand how contextual upstream and midstream factors contribute to labor exploitation, and how disruptive societal challenges, such as infectious disease pandemics, may exacerbate established pathways leading to exploitation. Accumulation of familial and societal risk factors likely heightens vulnerability; for instance, economic precarity for an individual interacts with poor livelihood options and lack of social welfare supports increasing their likelihood of accepting exploitative labor. However, few frameworks exist that account for the accumulation of and interdependence between risk factors at different levels and across contexts. Objective Using an ecological systems framework, we review literature on the pathways leading to labor exploitation, with the aim of developing a conceptual model grounded in existing research. Next, we discuss how pathways in this conceptual model are likely exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This conceptual model can guide future research to detect modifiable factors and strategic points of intervention. Methods A critical review of research articles and gray literature was performed with a primary focus on sub-Saharan Africa. The review utilized various scholarly databases to identify perspectives from multiple disciplines and to more fully account for complex processes linked to labor exploitation. Results A conceptual model of these pathways was developed that emphasizes established determinants and risk factors for labor exploitation in sub-Saharan Africa. The model highlights how the COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated these pathways. Conclusions Future studies should carefully examine the direct and indirect pathways, accumulation of and interactions between factors, and specific external and personal stressors. Interdisciplinary research on multilevel interventions is needed to guide solutions to prevent the persistent problem of labor exploitation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern slavery and labor exploitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a conceptual model

Washburn

Diener

Curtis

et al. 2022

Global Health Action

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“…In recent years a growing case has materialized to call on public health engagement in addressing modern slavery and to describe an emergent public health approach to the issue Greenbaum, 2020;Such et al, 2020). Epidemiology, with its particular promise for interdisciplinary application, can be used to help achieve this objective.…”

Section: Conceptualizing Trafficking As a "Disease"mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Epidemiological Perspective on Labor Trafficking

Gallo¹,

Konrad

Thinyane³

2020

Journal of Human Trafficking

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Ending all forms of labor trafficking by 2030 has been prioritized within the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (Target 8.7), yet progress in combatting trafficking has been limited. Human trafficking is recognized as a global public health concern because of its widespread negative impacts on individual and population level health. This has led researchers, policymakers, and NGOs to frequently claim that trafficking has reached "epidemic proportions". If such is the case, then using tools from public health and epidemiology can help to generate novel insights in the way we conceptualize, research, and address the problem of trafficking. Using a methodological framework known as the Epidemiologic Problem Oriented Approach (EPOA), we analyze the various components of labor trafficking identification and response, drawing contextualized comparisons with infectious disease epidemiology to characterize labor trafficking as a "disease". This crossdisciplinary approach provides a well-defined conceptual organization of the components that play a role in understanding trafficking dynamics. Epidemiology is highly relevant in the study of trafficking and contributes to the growing research interest surrounding the intersection of public health and human trafficking. KEYWORDS Labor trafficking; public health; epidemiology There are no jobs in Sein's hometown in Myanmar, so he made the hard decision to look for work in Thailand. Sein has been working as a fisherman now for five years. Though the hours are long, and the conditions are harsh, he doesn't mind as he is able to provide for his family. Compared to his previous boss Ohnmar, Cho is a saint, and doesn't take it out on the fishers when the nets don't come up full. Ohnmar was brutal-on one trip the nets kept coming up empty and the crew had to stay out at sea a further 3 days than what they had planned. He didn't let them rest until the hold was full, and because the extended trip was unplanned, they ran out of drinking water. When they returned to port, Ohnmar refused to give extra time off in lieu of the extended time at sea, and only gave Sein a fraction of the salary that he had been promised. Ohnmar had said that this would teach the fishers for not working hard enough. If the fishers complained, Ohnmar would think of another punishment for disrespecting himoften keeping them onboard the boat while it was in port. Sein had often considered leaving, but needed the money that Ohnmar owed him. Ohnmar hadn't always been like this-they had grown up in the same village, and Ohnmar had been the one who initially told Sein about his work in Thailand. Three years after Sein joined him on the boat, Ohnmar had been promoted to the position of Chiu-the right-hand man of the captain. It seemed like Ohnmar wanted to prove he was right for the job and deserving of the increased authority (and pay) that the promotion included. Cho was different. He pushed Sein and the crew to work very long hours, but always recorded their days at sea accurately. They often ran trips ...

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“…Actualmente, Such et al (2020) consideran que el sistema de salud público no ofrece un servicio de calidad ni estrategias gubernamentales que faciliten la atención a los pacientes, lo cual ocasiona que estos no puedan acceder de manera óptima a los diferentes servicios.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Estrategias dirigidas a las atenciones de salud domiciliaria

2022

Ciencia Latina

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OBJETIVO: Como fin tuvo presentar las diferentes estrategias que están dirigidas a la salud pública a domicilio e identificar las perspectivas de otros autores acerca de ello. METODOLOGÍA: enfoque cuantitativo, diseño descriptivo y una revisión sistemática, para el cual se revisará la normativa vigente y se analizarán los pros y principales problemas en el sector salud, para establecer soluciones significativas que ayuden a la mejora del ámbito salud en la región Ancash, de la mano con la satisfacción del usuario. RESULTADOS: Al ser una investigación sistemática está basada en revisión bibliográfica y análisis empírico sobre las principales problemáticas del sector salud. CONCLUSIÓN: Además, brinda una alternativa de solución a través de las visitas domiciliarias, componente importante en la promoción de la salud, la cual buscan justamente conocer los posibles males de la población en sus etapas iniciales y establecer políticas para que estos sean atendidos y generar una solución eficaz en el bienestar de los pacientes y población vulnerable.

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Modern slavery and public health: a rapid evidence assessment and an emergent public health approach

Abstract: We would like to thank all of the consultees in the project for freely giving their time. Thanks also go to Anh Tran, Information Services, PHE for her invaluable support and Dr Hannah Lewis for her insight across the project.

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Modern slavery and labor exploitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a conceptual model

Modern slavery and labor exploitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a conceptual model

An Epidemiological Perspective on Labor Trafficking

Estrategias dirigidas a las atenciones de salud domiciliaria

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