Modern problems of ploughing as special method of soil cultivation

Abstract

The purpose. To formulate on the basis of consideration of different systems of soil cultivation their basic criteria of reasonable and effective use in modern conditions of management of hi-tech agriculture and to determine in them the place and role of ploughing. Methods. The methodical approaches of analytical probe based on consideration, comparison and analysis of the basic agrophysical and mechanical methods and techniques of soil cultivation which are used in the field of pedology and farm mechanization. At deriving experimental data modern methods of strain-gauging and subsequent statistical analysis on PC are used. Results. Modern definitions of such concepts, as system, methods and techniques of soil cultivation are considered. The exclusive role of plowing during restructuration of soil as one of the major factors of preserving its fertility is underlined. Condition at which it is expedient to use moldboard soil cultivation is offered. Conclusions. Systems of soil cultivation known nowadays which require clarification of their definitions can be realized using 3 methods: moldboard, moldboardless and combined. One of the important methods of moldboard soil cultivation is ploughing, to realize which it is necessary with the use of skim-coulters or two-deck plows and not annually but when the structural quotient of top layer (8-10 cm) of soil will be less than 0,76.

Formation of sustainable land-use systems in erosion dangerous landscapes

“…The highest effect of the moisture-saving and anti-erosion measures is achieved under conditions of the contour-meliorative organisation of the territory, which is used on sloping lands with the arrangement of all the linear elements (boundaries of the fields, work sites, field roads) parallel to the field contours [10]. The essence of the contour-meliorative organisation of the territory is to arrange the crop rotations within the plots of arable land with homogeneous ecological conditions, to differentiate between the perennial plantations, hayfields and pastures, depending on the intensity of these areas, and to equip the territory of non-agricultural lands on the principles of ecological balance [14].…”

“…As it is known, the first task of productive agriculture is maintenance of lumpy soil structure [14]. It can simultaneously provide plants with moisture and nutrients, and therefore it must be kept in proper condition.…”

“…Value S indicates in how many years horizon H will be lost. Estimation of the erosion hazard of soils is carried out according to the data contained in Table 1 [14].…”

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“…Research and practical experience of Ukrainian scientists indicate that in existing crop rotations in different soil-climatic zones of Ukraine, the most effective method is combined tillage and differentiated by depth. In particular, V. Adamchuk et al (2016) indicate that ploughing is one of the most important tillage measures. However, it should not be done annually but periodically based on the deterioration of the structure of the upper 0-10 cm soil layer (structural coefficient less than 0.76).…”

Analysis of the State and Assessment of Possible Ways of Preservation of Soil Fertility During its Mechanical Treatment

“…However, a question arises how to determine the time of this technological operation. A claim was put forward (Adamchuk et al 2016) that the arable horizon of the soil can be exploited without rotation until its top layer (8-10 cm) reaches the required limiting structure. It was underlined above that the interchange of two layers of the soil by means of a plough should exclude their mixing.…”