Modern molecular approaches for analyzing microbial diversity from mushroom compost ecosystem

Abstract

Biosphere is a store house of various microorganisms that may be employed to isolate and exploit microbes for environmental, pharmaceutical, agricultural and industrial applications. There is restricted data regarding the structure and dynamics of microbial communities in several ecosystems because only a little fraction of microbial diversity is accessible by culture methods. Owing to limitations of traditional enrichment methods and pure culture techniques, microbiological studies have offered a narrow portal for investigating microbial flora. The bacterial community represented by the morphological and nutritional criteria failed to provide a natural taxonomic order according to the evolutionary relationship. Genetic diversity among the isolates recovered from mushroom compost has not been widely studied. To understand genetic diversity and community composition of the mushroom compost microflora, different approaches are now followed by taxonomists, to characterize and identify isolates up to species level. Molecular microbial ecology is an emerging discipline of biology under molecular approach which can provide complex community profiles along with useful phylogenetic information. The genomic era has resulted in the development of new molecular tools and techniques for study of culturable microbial diversity including the DNA base ratio (mole% G + C), DNA–DNA hybridization, DNA microarray and reverse sample genome probing. In addition, non-culturable diversity of mushroom compost ecosystem can be characterized by employing various molecular tools which would be discussed in the present review.

Genetic diversity, microbiological study and composition of soil associated with wild Pleurotus ostreatus from different locations in Ondo and Ekiti States, Nigeria

“…This microbiological technique offers a narrow array for microbial isolation due to the fact that some microorganisms may remain viable but non-cultivable (VBNC). The method is only suitable for fast-growing and nonfastidious microbes, and overgrown fungi capable of producing large amounts of spores suppressing other fungi [35]. Another perception in relation to the low microbial occurrence could be associated with antibacterial, antifungal agents, lytic enzymes and volatile compounds secreted by Pleurotus mushrooms and their flora microorganisms, which contribute to the survival strategies of the edible fungi by reducing the occurrence of spoilage microorganisms, since mushrooms are often confronted by different types of bacteria, fungi and viruses [36,37].…”

Optimization the Alginate Production Conditions in Sweet Whey Medium by Azotobacter Chrococcum

“…For 16S rDNA sequencing, total genomic DNA was extracted from the isolate following the method (Agrawal et al 2015). Amplification of 16S rDNA gene by PCR using universal primer, Forward (5ʹ-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3ʹ), Reverse (5ʹ-AAGGAGGTGATCCAGCCGCA-3ʹ).…”

Finding a Balance in the Vaginal Microbiome: How Do We Treat and Prevent the Occurrence of Bacterial Vaginosis?

“…Along with developing diagnostic tools and treatment plans for BV, multiple attempts can be seen throughout these years to monitor changes in the microbial composition while identifying potential causative agent(s) [89]. Recent advancements in molecular tools greatly accentuated their position as a better tool with higher resolution power as compared to traditional cultivation methods and biochemical tests, which may be difficult to be applied to fastidious organisms as well as to differentiate microbes at the species-strain level [109][110][111][112][113][114]. Several reviews have been published over the past few decades, summarizing the tools available for studying microbial composition and vaginal microbiome transition during BV [111,115,116].…”