Modern developmental aspects in the field of economical harvesting and biodiesel production from microalgae biomass

Muhammad, Gul; Alam, Md. Asraful; Mofijur, M.; Jahirul, M.I.; Lv, Yongkun; Xiong, Wenlong; Ong, Hwai Chyuan; Xu, Jingliang

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110209

Cited by 159 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 194 publications

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“…While the amount of waste diverted from landfills has generally increased in recent years, there is relatively little energy recovered from waste. Development of high energy fuels including renewable diesel, biodiesel (Mofijur et al, 2020a), bioethanol, and biogas is based on the need to reduce our carbon footprint (Mofijur et al, 2016;Ong et al, 2020) and on the security of our fuel supply (Ong et al, 2019;Muhammad et al, 2021). Energy and value-added products recovery from waste play an important role in the urban waste hierarchy, making better use of waste, and meeting government targets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Prospects of Bioenergy Production From Organic Waste Using Anaerobic Digestion Technology: A Mini Review

Uddin¹,

Siddiki²,

Mofijur³

et al. 2021

Front. Energy Res.

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Anaerobic digestion (AD) from organic waste has gained worldwide attention because it offers significant environmental and economic benefits. It can reduce the local waste through recycling which will conserve resources, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and build economic resilience in the face of an uncertain future for energy production and waste disposal. The productive use of local waste through recycling conserves resources by reducing landfill space, the whole of life impacts of landfilling, and post-closure maintenance of landfills. Turning waste into a renewable energy source will assist the decarbonisation of the economy by reducing harmful emissions and pollutants. Therefore, this mini-review aims to summarise key factors and present valuable evidence for an efficient AD process. It also presents the pros and cons of different AD process to convert organic waste along with the reactor technologies. Besides, this paper highlights the challenges and the future perspective of the AD process. However, it is highlighted that for an effective and efficient AD process, appropriate temperature, pH, a strong inoculum to substrate ratio, good mixing and small particle sizes are important factors. The selection of suitable AD process and reactor is important because not all types of processes and reactors are not effective for processing organic waste. This study is of great importance for ongoing work on renewable energy generation from waste and provides important knowledge of innovative waste processing. Finally, it is recommended that the government should increase their support towards the AD technology and consider the unutilized significant potential of gaseous biofuel production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Prospects of Bioenergy Production From Organic Waste Using Anaerobic Digestion Technology: A Mini Review

Uddin¹,

Siddiki²,

Mofijur³

et al. 2021

Front. Energy Res.

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“…Nevertheless, PBRs can promote the axenic status of the culture, and are therefore, more appropriate for the production of high value/low volume compounds like bioactive and pharmaceuticals compounds (Chang et al, 2018). In addition, with the harvesting with lipid production accounting for 90% of total energy demand and 20-30% of the total production cost, flocculation has been considered a low operational and energy cost in recent years, with an operation and energy cost of €0.1-0.6/kg and 0.1-0.7 k Wh/kg biomass respectively for closed cultivation (Muhammad et al, 2021;Vasistha et al, 2021). In particular, flocculation facilitated by other organisms (Mofijur et al, 2021), such as fungus (Chen J. et al, 2018) or natural coagulants (Li et al, 2020), can make for cost-effective recovery with costs as low as $0.825 and $0.037, respectively.…”

Section: Economic Analysis Of Microalgae-based Biorefinerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Produce Cost-Effective Third-Generation Biofuel From Microalgae

et al. 2021

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Third-generation biofuel produced from microalgae is a viable solution to global energy insecurity and climate change. Despite an annual current global algal biomass production of 38 million litres, commercialization confronts significant economic challenges. However, cost minimization strategies, particularly for microalgae cultivation, have largely been excluded from recent studies. Therefore, this review provides essential insights into the technologies and economics of cost minimization strategies for large-scale applications. Cultivation of microalgae through aquafarming, in wastewater, or for biogas upgrading, and co-production of value-added products (VAPs) such as photo-bioreactors, protein, astaxanthin, and exopolysaccharides can drastically reduce biodiesel production costs. For instance, the co-production of photo-bioreactors and astaxanthin can reduce the cost of biodiesel production from $3.90 to $0.54 per litre. Though many technical challenges need to be addressed, the economic analysis reveals that incorporating such cost-effective strategies can make the biorefinery concept feasible and profitable. The cost of producing microalgal biodiesel can be lowered to $0.73kg−1 dry weight when cultivated in wastewater or $0.54L−1 when co-produced with VAPs. Most importantly, access to co-product markets with higher VAPs needs to be encouraged as the global market for microalgae-based VAPs is estimated to rise to $53.43 billion in 2026. Therefore, policies that incentivize research and development, as well as the production and consumption of microalgae-based biodiesel, are important to reduce the large gap in production cost that persists between biodiesel and petroleum diesel.

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“…and Spirulina sp., which are widely available in Malaysia and the southeast Asian region and possess low lipid contents. Usually, microalgae contain lipid in the range of 20-50% [28,29]. Chlorella is a freshwater green unicellular alga with fast growth and an easy cultivation process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Extraction Maximization and Enzymatic Synthesis of Biodiesel from Microalgae

et al. 2020

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Microalgae has received overwhelming attention worldwide as a sustainable source for energy generation. However, the production of biofuel from microalgae biomass consists of several steps, of which lipid extraction is the most important one. Because of the nature of feedstock, extraction needs special attention. Three different methods were studied to extract algal oil from two different algae variant, Chlorella sp. and Spirulina sp. The highest percentage oil yield was obtained by ultrasonication (9.4% for Chlorella sp., 6.6% for Spirulina sp.) followed by the Soxhlet and solvent extraction processes. Ultrasonication and Soxhlet extraction processes were further optimized to maximize oil extraction as solvent extraction was not effective in extracting lipid. For ultrasonication, an amplitude of 90% recorded the highest percentage yield of oil for Spirulina sp. and a 70% amplitude recorded the highest percentage yield of oil for Chlorella sp. On the other hand, for Soxhlet extraction, a combination of chloroform, hexane, and methanol at a 1:1:1 ratio resulted in the highest yield of algal oil. Afterward, the crude algae oil from the ultrasonication process was transesterified for 5 h using an immobilized lipase (Novozyme 435) at 40 °C to convert triglycerides into fatty acid methyl ester and glycerol. Thus, ultrasonic-assisted lipid extraction was successful in producing biodiesel from both the species.

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Modern developmental aspects in the field of economical harvesting and biodiesel production from microalgae biomass

Cited by 159 publications

References 194 publications

RETRACTED: Prospects of Bioenergy Production From Organic Waste Using Anaerobic Digestion Technology: A Mini Review

RETRACTED: Prospects of Bioenergy Production From Organic Waste Using Anaerobic Digestion Technology: A Mini Review

Strategies to Produce Cost-Effective Third-Generation Biofuel From Microalgae

Lipid Extraction Maximization and Enzymatic Synthesis of Biodiesel from Microalgae

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