Modern bio and chemical sensors and neuromorphic devices based on organic semiconductors

Abstract

This review summarizes and highlights the current state-of-the-art of research on chemical sensors and biosensors in liquid environment and neuromorphic devices based on electrolyte-gated organic transistors with the active semiconductor layer of organic π-conjugated materials (small molecules, oligomers and polymers). The architecture and principles of operation of electrolyte-gated organic transistors and the main advantages and drawbacks of these devices are considered in detail. The criteria for the selection of organic semiconductors for these devices are presented. The causes of degradation of semiconductor layers and ways of their elimination are discussed. Examples of the use of electrolyte-gated organic transistors as bio and chemical sensors, artificial synapses and computing devices are given. The bibliography includes 132 references.

Gentle Patterning Approaches toward Compatibility with Bio‐Organic Materials and Their Environmental Aspects

“…More intriguing fact is that the scientific community claims these very substances play a defining role in bioelectronics. [14,18,39,40] Great efforts were made to design a patterning approach, which allows precise template formation for integrated device applications. [41] However, still there are no general methods compatible with all or at least most valuable materials facilitating µm and sub-µm size features.…”

Biorecognition Layer Based On Biotin-Containing [1]Benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene Derivative for Biosensing by Electrolyte-Gated Organic Field-Effect Transistors

“…Due to high capacitance of the EDLs, a significant field-effect current appears under a gate bias as low as 0.5 V, allowing operations with biological molecules without their destruction. Moreover, the great advantage of EGOFETs is the possibility of biomolecular sensing in real biological liquids such as saliva, blood, serum, mucus, sweat, or urine. , …”

Pixelated full-colour small molecule semiconductor devices towards artificial retinas

“…Issues encountered in this approach include the requirement for a power supply to the electronics in the eye and wiring to connect the external imagecapturing device, which entails complex surgical procedures as well as a significant level of discomfort during use. The alternative subretinal approach 7 involves implanting an array of photovoltaic pixels between the bipolar cell layer and the retinal pigment epithelium. The implanted photovoltaics directly replace the damaged photoreceptors with the assumption that the other neural cells continue to function normally.…”

“…Organic-based semiconductor devices that have been developed in the recent years are expected to be substantially more userfriendly due to the potentially excellent bio-compatibility of carbon-based molecules and human tissues. 6,7 Organic semiconductors are mechanically flexible, 8 chemically tunable, and solution-processable, and they have easily modifiable surface structure. [9][10][11] Smart surfaces with switchable adhesion can be chemically tuned to be biocompatible with anti-biofouling behavior.…”