Modern Aspects of Treatment of Esophageal Cancer

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to provide current data about various methods of treatment of early and locally advanced esophageal cancer.Material and Methods. A search was made on available literature sources published in the Pubmed, Medline, Elibrary, Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka, Global Health and other databases. 123 articles published from 2001 to 2018 were found and analyzed to write this review.Results. Esophageal cancer is the 7-th most common cancer worldwide. Esophageal cancer has a favorable prognosis only in patients with early stage cancer. The use of endoscopic technology provides a minimally invasive approach to the treatment of esophageal cancer and significantly increases survival of patients. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment for esophageal cancer. For patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer, a multimodal approach is required, including a rational combination of radical surgery with chemo and/or radiation therapy. In many countries, preoperative chemotherapy has entered the standard of treatment for II–III stages of esophagus cancer. However, the development of novel approaches to the treatment of esophageal cancer is of great importance. For advanced cancer patients, palliative chemo- or chemoradiotherapy remains the main treatment modality.Conclusion. The choice of the treatment option for esophageal cancer remains a challenging clinical problem and depends on the particular type of cancer, tumor stage, functional status of patients.

Photoacousto-photothermal effect and temperature monitoring of tissues subjected to graphene oxide

“…In recent years, malignant tumors are considered as one of the major diseases for the main application of precision medicine [2] , and the use of molecular imaging technology can carry out early diagnosis and boundary precision of tumors, construct personalized treatment, and achieve efficient and precise treatment of tumors [3] . At present, clinical methods for tumor treatment mainly include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy, but these treatment methods have many shortcomings such as damage to normal tissues and organs, limited tumor treatment effects, and increased chances of tumor recurrence and metastasis, which seriously affect the diagnosis and treatment effects of tumors [4] [5] . Photothermal therapy (PTT), as a highly effective tumor treatment, has received wide attention in recent years due to its advantages of small invasiveness and high spatio-temporal selectivity [6][7] .…”