Modern Analysis Methods Use in Order to Establish the Geographic Origin of Food Products

Abstract

KEY WORDS: controlled origin place, isotopic mass spectrometry, elemental profile, stable isotope ratio A BST R ACT Food products with controlled geographical origin place are in special demand among consumers because of their specific properties, due to climatic, soil characteristics or other factors. The article provides an analysis of regulatory framework for legal goods protection with an indication of their origin place on the territory of the Russian Federation and in other countries. Existing authentication methods for this type of product are reviewed. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the authors noted the most significant works aimed at confirming the authenticity of food products' origin place on the example of honey and meat products, which were carried out in the countries of the European Union, Australia, China, Brazil, South Africa, the USA and other countries. It is shown that the most widespread researches aimed at studying values of isotopic ratios of hydrogen ( 2 H/ 1 H), carbon ( 13 C/ 12 C), oxygen ( 18 O/ 16 O), nitrogen ( 15 N/ 14 N) and sulfur ( 34 S/ 32 S) in compounds contained in products that reflect the distribution of «light» and «heavy» isotopes during biological and geochemical processes within a single region. The analysis of the works aimed at studying the qualitative and quantitative composition of trace elements and rare earth metals (As, B, Ba, Cd, Li, Mn, Pd, Rb, Se, Te, Tl, Dy, U, etc.), as well as research of isotopic relations values of some elements ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr, 207 Pb/ 206 Pb, etc.) in product samples and soils of studied region. The advantages of an integrated research approach, which includes the creation of data array of various indicators values and its in-depth analysis using chemometric algorithms and mathematical modeling methods, are shown.Despite the fact that values of such isotopic ratios as 87 Sr/ 86 Sr, 207 Pb/ 206 Pb, 208 Pb/ 206 Pb, and 204 Pb/ 206 Pb are also quite informative indicators when determining food products territorial affiliation, their scientists use much less often [65]. ConclusionThe results of numerous researches show that studying isotopic ratios of the main biophilic elements and elemental profile are powerful tools in confirming geographical origin place of food products. The values of isotopic ratios of hydrogen ( 2 H/ 1 H), carbon ( 13 C/ 12 C), oxygen ( 18 O/ 16 O), nitrogen ( 15 N/ 14 N) and sulfur ( 34 S/ 32 S) in compounds that make up food products are largely determined by climatic and geographical conditions of raw materials growth region. The qualitative and quantitative composition of trace elements and rare-earth metals (As, B, Ba, Cd, Li, Mn, Pd, Rb, Se, Te, Tl, Dy, U, etc.), as well as values of isotopic ratios of some metals ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr, 207 Pb/ 206 Pb, etc.) reflect the specific terroir of researched region. Using the described research methods in combination with the methods of mathematical results processing (ANOVA, PCA, LDA, etc.) allows to confirm with high accuracy of the product belongs to spe...

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