Moderation of the relationship between the error-related negativity and anxiety by age and gender in young children: A preliminary investigation

The association between parenting and the error-related negativity across childhood and adolescence

“… 1 It should be noted that the relationship between the ERN and anxiety symptoms may change across development ( Ip et al, 2019 ; Lo et al, 2017 ; Meyer, 2017 ; Meyer et al, 2012 , 2018). However, because the current study focuses on older children and adolescents, we do not fully review this literature in the current manuscript …”

The error‐related negativity as a neuromarker of risk or resilience in young children

“…During the Go/No-go "Zoo" task, response-locked ERP components were quantified using mean amplitude measurements relative to a pre-response baseline −200 to −100 ms, consistent with prior work in young children (Grammer et al, 2014;Ip, Liu, et al, 2019). There were no significant differences between males and females on any of the study outcomes (p's > 0.1)…”

“…Ocular movement artifacts were then corrected using a regression-based algorithm (Gratton et al, 1983). After ocular correction, individual trials were visually inspected and rejected if any amplitudes were greater than 100 μV, differed by more than 50 μV from the previous time point, or were less than 0.5 μV in magnitude in any midline electrode, consistent with prior work (Grammer et al, 2014;Ip, Liu, et al, 2019;Perry et al, 2016).…”

“…), and sampled at 1,024 Hz. Additional details can be found in Ip, Liu, et al, 2019. For analysis, EEG data were referenced to averaged mastoid electrodes, and band-pass filtered 0.05-30 Hz using zero-phase shift Butterworth filters. EEG data were screened using automated algorithms that rejected epochs in which the absolute voltage range exceeded 500 μV for midline channels (Fz, FCz, Cz, and Pz), consistent with prior work (Grammer et al, 2014).…”

Play Therapy for Children with Anxiety Disorders

“…Conditions that can accompany the anxiety include affective disorders, behavior, substances, and social disorders, as well as obstacles in completing daily tasks. It is also found that there are risks that can interfere with the welfare or happiness of children (Broeren, Muris, Diamantopoulou, & Baker, 2013;Ip et al, 2019;Merikangas et al, 2010;Stulmaker & Ray, 2015;Waite & Creswell, 2015;Wehbe et al, 2016). Behavioral disorders often found in anxious children include pressure/withdrawal from social situations, especially with peers and also behavior to feelings of depression (Bufferd, Dougherty, & Olino, 2019;Draghi, Cavalcante Neto, Rohr, Jelsma, & Tudella, 2019).…”