Moderate physical training attenuates perinatal low-protein-induced spleen lymphocyte apoptosis in endotoxemic adult offspring rats

Senna, Sueli M.; Torres, Marília Kalinne da Silva; Lopes, Daíllo Augusto Pereira; Alheiros-Lira, Maria Cláudia; Moura, Diógenis Barbosa de; Pereira, Valéria Rêgo Alves; Aguiar, Francisco; Ferraz, João Carlos; Leandro, Carol Góis

doi:10.1007/s00394-015-0925-y

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Indeed, maternal physical activity, regardless of the diet, did not affect the transcriptional response of neurotrophic factors, as supported by previous studies on phenotype plasticity. 4,22,30 However, in the present study, some of undernutrition-induced changes on the transcription levels of neurotrophic factors were permanent, and an active maternal phenotype was not able to revert the effects on motor cortex in mother's brain. The findings provide new evidence for and insights into how the mother's brain, placenta, and fetus' brain interact during pregnancy in response to different environmental cues.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Effects of maternal low-protein diet and spontaneous physical activity on the transcription of neurotrophic factors in the placenta and the brains of mothers and offspring rats

Fragoso

Santos

Silva

et al. 2020

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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Maternal protein restriction and physical activity can affect the interaction mother–placenta–fetus. This study quantified the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurothrophin 4, tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB/NTRK2), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1r) in the different areas of mother’s brain (hypothalamus, hippocampus, and cortex), placenta, and fetus’ brain of rats. Female Wistar rats (n = 20) were housed in cages containing a running wheel for 4 weeks before gestation. According to the distance spontaneously traveled daily, rats were classified as inactive or active. During gestation, on continued access to the running wheel, active and inactive groups were randomized to receive normoprotein diet (18% protein) or a low-protein (LP) diet (8% protein). At day 20 of gestation, gene expression of neurotrophic factors was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in different brain areas and the placenta. Dams submitted to a LP diet during gestation showed upregulation of IGF-1r and BDNF messenger RNA in the hypothalamus, IGF-1r and NTRK2 in the hippocampus, and BDNF, NTRK2, IGF-1 and IGF-1r in the cortex. In the placenta, there was a downregulation of IGF-1. In the brain of pups from mothers on LP diet, IGF-1r and NTRK2 were downregulated. Voluntary physical activity attenuated the effects of LP diet on IGF-1r in the hypothalamus, IGF-1r and NTRK2 in the hippocampus, IGF-1 in the placenta, and NTRK2 in the fetus’ brain. In conclusion, both maternal protein restriction and spontaneous physical activity influence the gene expression of BDNF, NTRK2, IGF-1, and IGF-1r, with spontaneous physical activity being able to normalize in part the defects caused by protein restriction during pregnancy.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Effects of maternal low-protein diet and spontaneous physical activity on the transcription of neurotrophic factors in the placenta and the brains of mothers and offspring rats

Fragoso

Santos

Silva

et al. 2020

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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“…It is suggested that these adaptive responses may eventually be detrimental in postnatal life, leading to an increase in the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood 31 , wherein the early undernutrition causes loss of cardiac muscle 32 as well as alterations in cardiac morphology 17 . Recent studies demonstrated that physical training acts as a treatment by ameliorate cell function in different tissues 33,34 . Our data demonstrate that moderate physical training also attenuates the deleterious effect of nutritional insult in heart tissue, corroborating with previous studies that demonstrate which physical exercise improves cardiac function both in humans and experimental models 35,36 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate physical training counterbalances harmful effects of low-protein diet on heart: metabolic, oxidative and morphological parameters

Carthagenes

Barreto

Freitas

et al. 2017

Motriz: rev. educ. fis.

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-Aims:Maternal low-protein diet induces several impairments on cardiac system. Conversely, moderate exercise has been widely recommended to health improvement due to its effects on heart function. Thus, we investigated whether the moderate physical training is capable to offset the lasting injuries of a maternal protein restriction on the hearts of male adult rats. Methods: Pregnant rats were divided into two groups: Control (C=17% casein) and undernutrition (U=8% casein). Offspring from the undernutrition group, at 60 days of life, were subdivided into undernutrition (U) and undernutrition+exercise (UT) groups. Treadmill exercise was performed: (8 weeks, 5 days/week, 60 min/day at 70% of VO2máx). 48 hours after last exercise session, tissues were collected for morphological and biochemical analysis. Results: Despite the deleterious effect induced by low-protein diet, physical training was able to restore morphological parameters to similar levels to the control group. Additionally, oxidative stress index was also improved in UT group, due to the increase in antioxidant enzymatic defense. In metabolic enzymes, maternal low-protein diet induced a change in metabolism, and moderate physical training improved oxidative metabolism. Conclusion: We demonstrated that moderate physical training can offset the cardiac metabolism in adult rats that were exposed to a maternal low-protein diet.

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“…Short-term exercise (45/60 min) and moderate intensity (50/75% VO2max) exercises performed at least three times a week positively affect the immune system, as increased leukocyte function, increased chemotaxis, degranulation, cytotoxic activity, phagocytosis and oxidative activity of neutrophils and macrophages and increased cytolytic activity of NK cells and NK cell activating lymphocytes [ 21 ]. Furthermore, there is a reduction in concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β), an increase in cytotoxic activity of NK and TCD8 + cells, and an increase in neutrophil function and B lymphocyte proliferation [ 22 ].…”

Section: Physical Exercise and Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of exercise and vitamin D on the immune system against Covid-19: an integrative review of current literature

et al. 2022

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Respiratory infections of viral origin have become the leading cause of infectious diseases in the world. In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus has challenged the entire global health system, since Covid-19 has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The immune response to the virus depends on factors such as age, genetics, nutritional status, physical status, as well as environmental factors. Despite scientific advances, so far, there is still no specific therapy for the disease. Thus, this study aims to analyze the contribution of physical exercise and maintenance and/or supplementation of vitamin D to the strengthening of the immune system against viral infections, among them, Covid-19. Regular practice of moderate-intensity physical activity is responsible for promoting a reduction in the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β), as well as triggering the increase in the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). In addition, hypovitaminosis D predisposes to the development of chronic diseases and infections. Therefore, in patients affected by Covid-19, the maintenance of vitamin D levels contributes significantly to the 0prevention of the cytokine storm. Thus, the association between maintaining vitamin D levels and performing moderate-intensity physical exercise is responsible for strengthening the immune system and, therefore, triggering a defense mechanism against infections by intracellular microorganisms, in which SARS -CoV-2.

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Moderate physical training attenuates perinatal low-protein-induced spleen lymphocyte apoptosis in endotoxemic adult offspring rats

Abstract: Moderate physical training was able to revert the effects of perinatal LP diet on circulation lymphocytes subsets and attenuated splenic lymphocytes apoptosis and plasma TNF-α concentrations.

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Effects of maternal low-protein diet and spontaneous physical activity on the transcription of neurotrophic factors in the placenta and the brains of mothers and offspring rats

Effects of maternal low-protein diet and spontaneous physical activity on the transcription of neurotrophic factors in the placenta and the brains of mothers and offspring rats

Moderate physical training counterbalances harmful effects of low-protein diet on heart: metabolic, oxidative and morphological parameters

Influence of exercise and vitamin D on the immune system against Covid-19: an integrative review of current literature

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