Moderate and exhaustive endurance exercise influences the interferon-? levels in whole-blood culture supernatants

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate whether moderate or exhaustive endurance exercise influences cytokine levels in whole-blood culture supernatants after stimulation. Therefore, eight healthy subjects were first exposed to moderate exercise on a cycle ergometer for 30 min at 70% of their 4-mmol/l lactic acid (anaerobic) threshold, and 1 week later to exhaustion (for 90 min) at their anaerobic threshold. Blood samples were taken before, 30 min after and 24 h after each exercise bout. The following lymphocyte subpopulations were determined: CD14-positive(+)/CD45+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD16+. Cytokine levels in the supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Production of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were induced with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and that of IL-2 and interferon (IFN)-gamma with staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Cortisol levels were also determined by ELISA. The lymphocyte subset distribution was observed to be unchanged after moderate exercise. Thirty minutes after exhaustive exercise, the CD16+ count was found to be significantly lower, whereas 24 h later the CD4+ count was significantly higher than pre-exercise counts. Moderate exercise influenced the IFN-gamma production (PHA-stimulated), which increased significantly from 974 (391) pg/ml before exercise to 1450 (498) pg/ml 24 h later. Thirty minutes after exhaustive exercise the IFN-gamma level in the supernatants (SEB-stimulated) was significantly decreased (from 14470 (11840) pg/ml before exercise to 6000 (4950) pg/ml after exercise). The IL-1beta and TNF-alpha production per monocyte was also significantly reduced.

Influence of Hydration Status on Changes in Plasma Cortisol, Leukocytes, and Antigen-Stimulated Cytokine Production by Whole Blood Culture following Prolonged Exercise

“…However, contrary to the current findings, these studies observed that this shift was primarily due to a reduction in type 1 T cell number and function, with no significant change in type 2 lymphocytes. Although evidence indicates that intracellular expression of IL-4 in both unstimulated and stimulated cultures is increased in certain cell subsets following exercise [37, 38] other studies have found that acute endurance exercise has little or no effect on IL-4 release in response to mitogen stimulation [34, 35], while inducing a temporal suppression of type 1 cytokine production, specifically IFN- γ [25, 34, 39–41], IL-2 [40–42], and TNF- α [39, 41, 43–46]. To the authors' knowledge, only two previous studies have investigated the acute exercise effects on IL-10 release in humans in response to stimulation.…”

A half-marathon and a marathon run induce oxidative DNA damage, reduce antioxidant capacity to protect DNA against damage and modify immune function in hobby runners

“…28 The significant reduction in the ex vivo capacity to produce IFN-γ after the races confirms earlier reports suggesting that Thelper-1 lymphocytes may be more sensitive to physical stress than T-helper-2 lymphocytes. [34][35][36] CONCLUSIONS Half-marathon and marathon races induced an increase in oxidative DNA damage in lymphocytes and a decrease in antioxidant capacity to protect lymphocytes against DNA strand breaks induced by hydrogen peroxide in hobby runners while, despite extreme physical exercise and high oxygen uptake, a number of oxidative stress markers were not affected. This could indicate that only a few reactive species (e.g.…”

Effects of Moderate Exercise Training on Splenocyte Inflammatory Cytokine Production in High Fat Diet Induced Obese Mice

“…지방조직에서 발현되는 사이토카인(cytokine)은 영양상태 와 T 세포의 기능에 영향을 미치는 것으로 여겨지고 있으며, 이러한 이유로 고지방식이에 의한 지방축적은 대사과정과 내 분비계의 직간접적으로 면역반응의 변화를 초래하며 [35], Tanaka [3,38], 비장은 혈액에서 유래되 는 항원에 대한 주된 보호 면역 반응 부위로 T 림프구와 B 림프 구의 성숙과 항원의 자극에 의한 림프구의 분화가 이루어지는 주요 림프기관으로 비장세포에서 발현되는 사이토카인 중 전 염증성 사이토카인인 Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)가 과도하게 분비 되면 항염증성 사이토카인들과의 불균형을 초래하여 숙주의 면역기능을 저하시키는 것으로 알려져 있다 [4,36].…”