Models of word production

Levelt, Willem J. M.

doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(99)01319-4

Cited by 472 publications

(432 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In word production, the processing components that are generally implicated in mapping meaning to sound include conceptual preparation, lexical and syntactic encoding, phonological encoding and articulation [e.g., Levelt, 1999]. According to one of the most influential models of speech production [Levelt, 1989;Levelt et al, 1999], speakers selfperceive their internally and overtly produced speech (internal and external monitoring).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of verbal feedback processing: An fMRI study employing overt speech

Christoffels

Formisano

Schiller

2007

Human Brain Mapping

190

174

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Speakers use external auditory feedback to monitor their own speech. Feedback distortion has been found to increase activity in the superior temporal areas. Using fMRI, the present study investigates the neural correlates of processing verbal feedback without distortion. In a blocked design, the following conditions were presented: (1) overt picture-naming, (2) overt picture-naming while pink noise was presented to mask external feedback, (3) covert picture-naming, (4) listening to the picture names (previously recorded from participants' own voices), and (5) listening to pink noise. The results show that auditory feedback processing involves a network of different areas related to general performance monitoring and speech-motor control. These include the cingulate cortex and the bilateral insula, supplementary motor area, bilateral motor areas, cerebellum, thalamus and basal ganglia. Our findings suggest that the anterior cingulate cortex, which is often implicated in error-processing and conflict-monitoring, is also engaged in ongoing speech monitoring. Furthermore, in the superior temporal gyrus, we found a reduced response to speaking under normal feedback conditions. This finding is interpreted in the framework of a forward model according to which, during speech production, the sensory consequence of the speech-motor act is predicted to attenuate the sensitivity of the auditory cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 28: [868][869][870][871][872][873][874][875][876][877][878][879] 2007. V V C 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of verbal feedback processing: An fMRI study employing overt speech

Christoffels

Formisano

Schiller

2007

Human Brain Mapping

190

174

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“…The frequency effect has long been known and discussed by psycholinguists in research on lexical access (Dell, 1990;Grainger, 1990;Levelt, 1999;Oldfield and Wingfield, 1965). The general finding is that frequent words and forms are accessed more quickly.…”

Section: Word Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting tonal realizations in one Chinese dialect from another

Chen

Heuven

et al. 2016

Speech Communication

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Pronunciation dictionaries are usually expensive and time-consuming to prepare for the computational modeling of human languages, especially when the target language is under-resourced. Northern Chinese dialects are often under-resourced but used by a significant number of speakers. They share the basic sound inventories with Standard Chinese (SC). Also, their words usually share the segmental realizations and logographic written forms with the SC translation equivalents. Hence the pronunciation dictionaries of northern Chinese dialects could be easily available if we were able to predict the tonal realizations of the dialect words from the tonal information of their SC counterparts. This paper applies statistical modeling to investigate the tonal aspect of the related words between a northern dialect, i.e. Jinan Mandarin (JM), and Standard Chinese (SC). Multi-linear regression models were built with between-word pitch distance of JM words as the dependent variable and the following were included as the predictors: SC tonal relations, between-dialect tonal identity, and individual backgrounds. The results showed that tonal relations in SC and between-dialect identity, as predictors featuring the relation between the JM and SC tonal systems, are significant and robust predictors of JM tonal realizations. The speakers' sociolinguistic and cognitive backgrounds, together with the tonal merge and neutral tone information within JM, are important for the prediction of JM tonal realizations and affect the way that between-language predictors take effect.

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“…The mental lexicon of a normal adult literate person contains 50-100 thousand words. The average rate of word production is 2-3 words per second, with only one or two errors occurring in 1000 words [8]. Most researchers agree that retrieving a word from the mental lexicon requires a preliminary conceptual step, followed by a lexical selection (which means access to semantic and syntactic features of the target word), and retrieval of its phonological code, with further steps involving the specifics leading to the word's articulation [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Emerging Model of Word Retrieval in Preclinical Alzheimer ’s Disease

Kljajević¹

2016

J Alzheimers Dis Parkinsonism

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IntroductionWord retrieval deficit in persons on the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum [1] has been investigated mostly in AD dementia and, to a smaller degree, in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In contrast, word retrieval abilities in persons at the presumably earliest stage of AD, i.e. in preclinical AD have not been systematically investigated so far. Even though these persons do not present with cognitive symptoms characteristic of MCI and AD, they do exhibit subtle cognitive changes and changes in brain activation patterns [2]. Therefore, the preclinical stage of AD is a unique window into the earliest dynamics of cognitive deterioration emerging under the burden of Alzheimer's pathology.One particularly intriguing question regarding initial cognitive deterioration in AD is how the ability to retrieve words from memory relates to structural and functional changes that have already taken place in the brain at this presumably earliest point in the AD trajectory. Among the brain changes that have been associated with preclinical AD are increased cortical levels of the amyloid-β (Aβ) protein and decreasedCSF amyloid levels together with high levels of tau proteins, considerable temporo-parietal hypometabolism spreading to the frontal lobe, less pronounced grey matter volume reductions and cortical thinning, changes in white matter integrity, and aberrant resting-state functional connectivity patterns [2][3][4][5][6]. This phase of illness may take more than 10 years [7] and "losing words" may begin at any point during this time. When and how this happens is currently not clear.One part of the problem pertains to the fact that word retrieval is a complex process that requires fine-tuning of memory, attention, and language processes. Current theories of the human word-store postulate that the mental lexicon contains information on words' meanings (semantics), their role in a sentence (syntax), and what they sound like (phonology). The mental lexicon of a normal adult literate person contains 50-100 thousand words. The average rate of word production is 2-3 words per second, with only one or two errors occurring in 1000 words [8]. Most researchers agree that retrieving a word from the mental lexicon requires a preliminary conceptual step, followed by a lexical selection (which means access to semantic and syntactic features of the target word), and retrieval of its phonological code, with further steps involving the specifics leading to the word's articulation [9,10]. AbstractWord retrieval deficit in persons on the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum has been investigated mostly in AD dementia and, to a smaller degree, in patients with mild cognitive impairment. However, recent evidence suggests that changes in word retrieval abilities are also present in persons at the presumably earliest stage of AD, i.e. in preclinical AD. Considering this evidence as well as previous findings on word retrieval difficulties in cognitively healthy elderly persons, the present paper outlines a novel model of word ...

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Models of word production

Cited by 472 publications

References 44 publications

Neural correlates of verbal feedback processing: An fMRI study employing overt speech

Neural correlates of verbal feedback processing: An fMRI study employing overt speech

Predicting tonal realizations in one Chinese dialect from another

An Emerging Model of Word Retrieval in Preclinical Alzheimer ’s Disease

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