“…In their spending on arms, U.S. and Soviet leaders also tended to respond not to the absolute arms spending of the rival but, rather, to changes or innovations in its expected level of spending (Williams and McGinnis, 1988). However, a number of studies of international negotiations, primarily concerning arms limitations, have found little support for a model of "trend reciprocity", in which side A responds reciprocally to changes or trends in side B's behavior -i.e., the extent to which B becomes more cooperative or more conflictive (Stoll and McAndrew, 1986;Druckman and Harris, 1990;Beriker and Druckman, 1991). Similarly, a study of general interactions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during most of the Cold War period found no support for a model of trend reciprocity (Patchen and Bogumil, 1995).…”