Models of Intercultural Communication

Abstract

The research question addressed in this article is, "To which extent does intercultural communication depend on selfunderstanding, accumulated during the process of socialization, as well as the feeling of safety?" This question may have received less attention from researchers. This article draws upon modern and classical theories to explain the concept of self-understanding and the feeling of safety conceived in two meta-analytical models of socialization. The models were applied in a longitudinal study. They will be explained in detail, and the findings of the study will be discussed. by guest on June 5, 2016 Downloaded from SAGE Open process of socialization, affect communication. Reflection is based on the Backpack metaphor and the Ladder metaphor, two meta-analytical models that draw upon theories from philosophy and history. 1 The second objective of the article is to confirm the applicability of these models. Comparative View: Cultural complexity is often visualized through models and metaphors that decipher patterns of interaction within a certain context (Erez & Gati, 2004). Models take the form of Venn diagram, Yin and Yang, or circles drawn into one another illustrating dimensions such as micro, meso, exo, and macro (Bronfenbrenner, Lerner, Hamilton, & Ceci, 2005). As to metaphors, Bradley Wiggins mentions the following: The Iceberg Metaphor, the Onion metaphor, the Genealogical Tree, the Rhizome, or the rootstock, and the Cage Metaphor. He says that the most common trait here "is the ability to convey visually the abstract notion that culture is a collection of experiences and ways to perceiving reality from the standpoint of the individual" (Wiggins, 2012, p. 554). The present article adds the Backpack metaphor to explain the process of socialization that starts at pre-natal period and the Ladder metaphor to highlight six premises for fruitful communication. Research Question:To which extent does intercultural communication depends on self-understanding, accumulated during the process of socialization, and the feeling of safety during communication?If people could communicate and enjoy the company of one another whenever they sense self-esteem and feel safe, then there must be circumstances at home or abroad where this does not apply. The plausible question here is, "Which circumstances inhibit intercultural communication?" This article attempts to answer these questions based on purposive data collection.

Moving Toward More Inclusive Government Communication in an Era of Superdiversity

“…During such dialogue sessions, it is important for governments to be aware of cultural differences, not only to ensure that different voices are represented but also to guarantee that all of these voices are actually heard (Dutta & Elers, 2020). Al-Araki (2015) speaks of creating a space where people believe that their identity is respected and they feel safe to communicate. In order to achieve inclusive communication, one must be “aware and attentive to the steaming of ideas” (Al-Araki, 2015, p. 8), so that these views can be taken into account in communication materials designed by governments.…”

“…Al-Araki (2015) speaks of creating a space where people believe that their identity is respected and they feel safe to communicate. In order to achieve inclusive communication, one must be “aware and attentive to the steaming of ideas” (Al-Araki, 2015, p. 8), so that these views can be taken into account in communication materials designed by governments.…”

Multikulturalna komunikacijska strategija

“…Naglašavajući važnost vizualnog definiranja predodžbe o kulturi Wiggins (2012) koristi različite metafore kao što su metafora o ledenom brijegu, metafora o luku, genealoško stablo, podloga i kavez. Dok raspravlja o interkulturnoj komunikaciji Al-Araki (2015) koristi metaforu ruksaka i ljestvi, te zaključuje da su sve osobe potencijalno sposobne integrirati se u bilo koje društvo identifikacijom svojih ruksaka (koji se pune tijekom procesa socijalizacije) te revizijom vlastitih navika i mentalnih sklonosti putem ljestvi (koje se predstavljaju svojevrsne premise uspješne komunikacije). Kumbier i Schulz von Thun (2009) nude pregled metoda, modela i primjera za uspješnu komunikaciju između različitih svjetskih kultura u duhu sveopće globalizacije, dok Blanchard et al (2013) ističu potrebu za integriranjem kulturnih razmatranja u sustave s umjetnom inteligencijom kako bi se poboljšale naše interakcije.…”