Models of corn hybrids of different maturity groups FAO 150–490 for irrigated conditions

Abstract

Ìåòà. Îá´ðóíòóâàòè ìîðôîô³ç³îëîã³÷í³ òà ãåòåðîçèñí³ ìîäåë³ âèñîêîïðîäóêòèâíèõ ã³áðèä³â êóêóðóäçè ÔÀÎ 150-490 äëÿ óìîâ çðîøåííÿ òà ñòâîðèòè â³äïîâ³äí³ ãåíîòèïè ç³ ñïåöèô³÷íîþ àäàïòèâí³ñòþ äî àãðîåêîëîã³÷íèõ ÷èííèê³â. Ìåòîäè. Çàãàëüíîíàóêîâ³, ñïåö³àëüí³ ñåëåêö³éíî-ãåíåòè÷í³ òà ðîçðàõóíêîâî-ïîð³âíÿëüí³. Ðåçóëüòàòè. Âèêëàäåíî äàí³ áàãàòîð³÷íèõ äîñë³äaeåíü ç ðîçðîáêè ìîäåëåé ã³áðèä³â êóêóðóäçè ð³çíèõ ãðóï ñòèãëîñò³ â óìîâàõ çðîøåííÿ. Âèçíà÷åíî îñíîâí³ ïàðàìåòðè ìîäåëåé ã³áðèä³â êóêóðóäçè ð³çíèõ ãðóï ÔÀÎ. Íàâåäåíî ðåçóëüòàòè ðåàêö³¿ íîâèõ ã³áðèä³â íà ñïîñîáè ïîëèâó òà ðåaeèìè çðîøåííÿ. Âñòàíîâëåíî, ùî ã³áðèäè ÔÀÎ 190 ìàþòü ñòàá³ëüíèé ïðîÿâ óðîaeàéíîñò³ çà ð³çíèõ ðåaeèì³â çðîøåííÿ. Âèêîðèñòàííÿ öèõ ã³áðèä³â äîö³ëüíå çà óìîâ âîäîçáåð³ãàþ÷èõ ðåaeèì³â çðîøåííÿ íà ïîëèâíèõ çåìëÿõ ç íèçüêèì ã³äðîìîäóëåì. Ó ñåðåäíüîñòèãëèõ ã³áðèä³â (ÔÀÎ 300-390) âèÿâëåíî ñèëüíó ãåíîòèïîâó ðåàêö³þ íà åêîëîã³÷íèé ãðà䳺íò âèðîùóâàííÿ. Óðîaeàéí³ñòü ã³áðèä³â òàêîãî òèïó ð³çêî çìåíøóºòüñÿ çà âîäîçáåð³ãàþ÷èõ ðåaeèì³â çðîøåííÿ. Ó ãðóï³ ñåðåäíüîï³çí³õ ã³áðèä³â âñòàíîâëåíî ã³áðèäè êóêóðóäçè ³íòåíñèâíîãî òèïó 'Àðàáàò', 'ÄÍ Ãåòåðà', 'ÄÍ Àíøëàã', 'ÄÍ Ðàâà' ç óðîaeàéí³ñòþ çåðíà 15-17 ò/ãà çà êðàïëèííîãî çðîøåííÿ ³ äîùóâàííÿ â óìîâàõ ²íãóëåöüêîãî òà Êàõîâñüêîãî çðîøóâàíèõ ìàñèâ³â. óáðèäè òàêîãî òèïó íåäîö³ëüíî âèêîðèñòîâóâàòè íà ïîëèâíèõ çåìëÿõ ç íèçüêèì ã³äðîìîäóëåì òà çà âîäîçáåð³ãàþ÷èõ ðåaeèì³â çðîøåííÿ, îñê³ëüêè òàêà òåõíîëîã³ÿ ïðèçâîäèòü äî âàãîìèõ âòðàò óðîaeàþ, òîìó âîíè íå ìîaeóòü êîíêóðóâàòè ç ñó÷àñíèìè ã³áðèäàìè ÔÀÎ 190-290. Âèñíîâêè. Ðîçðîáëåí³ ìîäåë³ òà ñòâîðåí³ íà ¿õ áàç³ ã³áðèäè êóêóðóäçè ãðóïè ÔÀÎ 150-490 äëÿ óìîâ çðîøåííÿ ï³âäíÿ Óêðà¿íè ç óðîaeàéí³ñòþ çåðíà 11-17 ò/ãà àäàïòîâàí³ äî ð³çíèõ ðåaeèì³â çðîøåííÿ, âèÿâëÿþòü àäåêâàòíó ïðîãíîçîâàíó ðåàêö³þ íà òåõíîëîã³÷íå çàáåçïå÷åííÿ, ìàþòü âèñîêèé ïîòåíö³àë ïðîäóêòèâíîñò³. Çà âèñîêîãî àãðîôîíó äèôåðåíö³þâàëüíà çäàòí³ñòü ñåðåäîâèùà âèùà, í³ae â óìîâàõ, íàáëèaeåíèõ äî åêñòðåìàëüíèõ, äå åêîëîã³÷í³ ÷èííèêè ñïðè÷èíÿþòü í³âåëþþ÷èé åôåêò íà ôåíîòèïîâó ðåàë³çàö³þ îçíàê ïðîäóêòèâíîñò³ ã³áðèä³â ÔÀÎ 400-490. Ìîðôîá³îëîã³÷í³ îçíàêè, ùî âèçíà÷àþòü óðîaeàéí³ñòü çåðíà, ñòàá³ëüíî ðåàë³çóþòüñÿ ò³ëüêè íà âèñîêîìó àãðîôîí³, òîìó äîá³ð çà ôåíîòèïîì íàä³éíèé ò³ëüêè ó ñïðèÿòëèâèõ óìîâàõ. Óí³âåðñàëüí³ ã³áðèäè, àäàïòîâàí³ äî øèðîêîãî ñïåêòðó çîâí³øí³õ óìîâ, çà ³íòåíñèâíèõ òåõíîëîã³é íà çðîøåíí³ ïîñòóïàþòüñÿ çà ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòþ ãåíîòèïàì, ùî ìàþòü âóçüêó àäàïòèâí³ñòü.

Biometric indices of corn hybrids of different FAO groups depending on microfertilizer treatment under irrigation conditions

“…Ïðè öüîìó ïîäîâaeóºòüñÿ âåãåòàö³ÿ ³ ìîaeå çá³ëüøóâàòèñÿ âèñîòà ðîñëèí, ùî ñïðè÷èíÿº ¿õ âèëÿãàííÿ [12,13]. Âèñîòà ðîñëèí â³ä³ãðຠâàaeëèâó ðîëü ó ôîðìóâàíí³ àäàïòèâíîãî ïîòåí-ö³àëó çàâäÿêè ìîaeëèâîñò³ ïåðåðîçïîä³ëó á³îìàñè âðîaeàþ â á³ê çåðíîâî¿ ÷àñòèíè [14,15].…”

“…Íàêîïè÷åííÿ îðãàí³÷íî¿ ðå÷îâèíè òà ôîðìóâàííÿ âðîaeàéíîñò³ êîðåëþº ç ïëîùåþ òà ä³ÿëüí³ñòþ àñèì³ëÿö³éíîãî àïàðàòó, ñïðîìîae-í³ñòþ àêóìóëþâàòè íèì ñîíÿ÷íó åíåðã³þ [14].…”