Models for Scattering from Rough Surfaces

Ticconi, Francesca; Pulvirenti, Luca; Pierdicca, Nazzareno

doi:10.5772/19318

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…According to the basic assumption of the KA method [21,22], the plane-boundary reflection occurs at every point on the randomly underlying rough surface, so there is only small section of rough surface whose local specular reflection can incident on the target with consideration of the statistical properties of the rough surface. For the moderate underlying rough surface, a small section of rough surface toward the target in the specular direction of the mean plane and a small surface portion directly under the target is only needed to take account of the surface scattering from the underlying rough surface to the target, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Theory and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid method of scattering from a dielectric target above a rough surface: TM case

Dong

2013

Appl. Opt.

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A hybrid method, combining analytic Kirchhoff approximation (KA) and numerical method of moment (MoM), is developed to solve the 2D scattering problem of a dielectric target with arbitrary cross section above a moderate perfect electric conductor (PEC) rough surface under TM-polarized tapered wave incidence. Consider the target as the MoM region and the rough surface as the KA region, the induced current on the rough surface is obtained through the KA method, which depends on the incident tapered wave and the field illuminating by current distribution on the target, leaving only unknowns on the target region. In order to reduce the computational costs further, the rough surface is truncated to speed up computation of the scattering contribution from the rough surface to the target. Compared with the conventional MoM, the hybrid method is very efficient to solve the composite scattering problem of target above rough surface, especially for long underlying rough surface. Simulation results validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the hybrid method.

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Section: Theory and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid method of scattering from a dielectric target above a rough surface: TM case

Dong

2013

Appl. Opt.

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“…The SPM is only valid for relatively smooth surfaces, where the roughness should satisfy the conditions k 0 σ h < 0.3 and √ 2σ h /l c < 0.3 [28]. With this restriction of the SPM model, the parameters set for the surface roughness were σ h = 0.002 m and l c = 0.02 m. Compared with roughness measurements of experimentally grown sea ice [29,30], the chosen parameters were within the reasonable range.…”

Section: Comparison Of Fem With Spm For Homogeneous Sea Icementioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis of Microwave Scattering from Layered Sea Ice Based on the Finite Element Method

Brekke

Doulgeris

et al. 2018

Remote Sensing

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A two-dimensional scattering model based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) is built for simulating the microwave scattering of sea ice, which is a layered medium. The scattering problem solved by the FEM is formulated following a total- and scattered-field decomposition strategy. The model set-up is first validated with good agreements by comparing the results of the FEM with those of the small perturbation method and the method of moment. Subsequently, the model is applied to two cases of layered sea ice to study the effect of subsurface scattering. The first case is newly formed sea ice which has scattering from both air–ice and ice–water interfaces. It is found that the backscattering has a strong oscillation with the variation of sea ice thickness. The found oscillation effects can increase the difficulty of retrieving the thickness of newly formed sea ice from the backscattering data. The second case is first-year sea ice with C-shaped salinity profiles. The scattering model accounts for the variations in the salinity profile by approximating the profile as consisting of a number of homogeneous layers. It is found that the salinity profile variations have very little influence on the backscattering for both C- and L-bands. The results show that the sea ice can be considered to be homogeneous with a constant salinity value in modelling the backscattering and it is difficult to sense the salinity profile of sea ice from the backscattering data, because the backscattering is insensitive to the salinity profile.

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“…When taking account of the scattering contribution from the rough surface towards the target, it is unnecessary to consider the contribution of the whole length of the rough surface, but only the rough surface near the target, for lots of rough surface scattering cannot incident on the target. According to the KA [21,24], the bistatic scattering from the moderate underlying rough surface is dominated in the specular direction of the mean plane, so a small section of rough surface toward the target in that direction, which is taken as L1: {x ∈ (−g/2, sin θ i (h/ cos θ i − 1.5r tan θ i − 1.5r/ tan θ i ))} as shown in Figure 2, is only needed to take account of the secondary scattering contribution driven by the tapered wave from the underlying rough surface to the target. Taking the scattering from the target as an incident wave to the underlying rough surface, because the moderate underlying rough surface is random and is created by Monte Carlo realization, there is only small section of rough surface whose local specular reflection has some chance to incident on the target.…”

Section: Truncation Of the Underlying Rough Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Substitute the Equation (28) into (21), the integral equations can be converted into a set of equations of the induced electric current J o and magnetic current K o on the target surface…”

Section: Truncation Of the Underlying Rough Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerical results are given to illustrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed method. Figure 1 illustrates the basic geometry considered in this paper: a dielectric target with complex permittivity ε 0 ε d is located at altitude h above a moderate PEC rough surface which satisfies the conditions for validity of the Kirchhoff approximation [21] (k 0 l > 6, l 2 > 2.76δλ), where k 0 is the wavenumber of free space, l the correlation length, λ the incident wavelength, and δ the RMS height. r is the radius of the target envelop indicated by the dashed line.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Hybrid Method of Scattering From a Dielectric Target Above a Rough Surface: Te Case

Li¹,

Dong²,

Li³

2013

PIER M

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A hybrid method, combining analytic Kirchhoff approximation (KA) and numerical method of moments (MoMs), is developed to solve the two-dimensional (2D) scattering problem of a dielectric target with arbitrary cross section above a moderate perfect electric conductor (PEC) rough surface under TE-polarized tapered wave incidence. The induced current on the rough surface is analytically expressed using the KA method, which depends on the tapered incident wave and the field illuminating by current distribution on the target, leaving only unknown induced current on the target. So the electric field integral equations of the induced currents on the target only can be derived; it allows a substantial reduction of computation time and memory requirement. Furthermore, for different secondary scattering of the underlying rough surface, different truncations of the rough surface are taken to speed up computation of the scattering contribution from the rough surface to the target. Making use of Monte Carlo realization, bistatic scattering from a cylindrical target above a PEC rough surface is well simulated to test validity and efficiency of the proposed method. Numerical results from the hybrid method have good agreements with those from the conventional method of moments. However, the computational time and the memory requirements have been greatly reduced.

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Models for Scattering from Rough Surfaces

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Hybrid method of scattering from a dielectric target above a rough surface: TM case

Hybrid method of scattering from a dielectric target above a rough surface: TM case

Numerical Analysis of Microwave Scattering from Layered Sea Ice Based on the Finite Element Method

A Hybrid Method of Scattering From a Dielectric Target Above a Rough Surface: Te Case

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