MODELO DE NICHO FUNDAMENTAL PARA Coryphantha chihuahuensis (CACTACEAE) EN EL ESTADO DE CHIHUAHUA, MÉXICO

Abstract

ResumenLa familia Cactaceae se distingue por su morfología y anatomía. Que le permite soportar épocas prolongadas de sequías y alta radiación solar. Para algunas de estas especies se carece de información relacionada con su distribución, estatus y nicho fundamental. Es el caso de la cactácea Coryphantha chihuahuensis, reportada en el estado de Chihuahua y en el Desierto Chihuahuense en México. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el nicho fundamental de C. chihuahuensis en el estado de Chihuahua. Con ello se muestran las áreas probables y adecuadas para el desarrollo de la especie. Se georeferenciaron en campo 20 sitios de presencia de la especie. Para determinar su nicho fundamental se utilizaron tres modelos con distintas combinaciones de variables (bioclimáticas, altitud, edafología, usos de suelo y vegetación). El algoritmo utilizado fue MaxEnt (máxima entropía). Los resultados indicaron que el modelo con menor error fue el que utilizó todas las variables, con un valor de efectividad de 99% y una desviación estándar de 0.001. El modelo muestra el nicho fundamental de la especie al centro y sur del estado, con una probabilidad de ocurrencia del 70 al 100% al centro; mientras que los valores más bajos fueron al sur-centro y al noreste del estado con probabilidad de presencia del 30 al 50%. El modelo obtenido para determinar el nicho fundamental para C. chihuahuense es puntual, ya que muestra las áreas probables y adecuadas para la especie. Esto ayudará a la protección, conservación y recuperación de la misma. Palabras clave: máxima entropía, ocurrencia, endémicas, georeferencia, variables bioclimáticas, nicho fundamental. AbstractThe Cactaceae family is distinguished by its morphology and anatomy that allows it to withstand prolonged periods of drought and high solar radiation. For some of its species there is a lack of basic information regarding distribution, status and fundamental niche. This is the case of Coryphantha chihuahuensis, reported in the Chihuahua state in the Chihuahuan Desert region. The aim of this study was to determine the fundamental niche of Coryphantha chihuahuensis in the state of Chihuahua, displaying possible and suitable areas in which the species could develop. During fieldwork 20 georeferenced sites with species occurrence were recorded. The species fundamental niche was determined using three models with different combinations of variables (bioclimatic variables, altitude, soil, land use and vegetation). The algorithm used was MaxEnt (maximum entropy). The results indicate that the model with the lowest error was the model that contained all variables, with an effectiveness value of 99% and a standard deviation of 0.001. The model places the fundamental niche of the species in the center and south of the state, with a probability of occurrence of 70 to 100% at the center; while the lowest values were south-central and northeast of the state with the probability of presence of 30 to 50%. The obtained model used to determine the fundamental niche for C. Chihuahua is timely as ...

Specific habitat requirements and niche conservatism for nine species of the Mexican genus Thelocactus (Cactaceae)

“…Cacti are an important resource, the fruits are consumed fresh or dried, and the stems are a common food for humans or used as fodder for animals (Casas & Barbera, 2002). Although Mexican Cactaceae have a relevant economic and ornamental value, and several studies have analyzed their geographical distribution patterns and endemicity (Godínez-Alvarez & Ortega-Báes, 2007;Gómez-Hinostrosa & Hernández, 2000;Hernández & Bárcenas, 1995, 1996Hernández et al, 2007Hernández et al, , 2010, the knowledge of the environmental factors constraining their distribution and characterizing their fundamental niche is still rather limited, being available only few studies (Carrillo-Ángeles et al, 2016;Godínez-Alvarez & Ortega-Báes, 2007;Ibarra-Díaz Velarde et al, 2016). Cactus richness and endemism in each Mexican state are significantly related to the degree of aridity (Godínez-Alvarez & Ortega-Baes, 2007), a long-term climatic phenomenon, which depends on precipitation, potential evapotranspiration rate, temperature and precipitation seasonality (Maliva & Missimer, 2012), which are the main climatic factors de las especies de Thelocactus y para indagar si comparten el mismo nicho ecológico.…”

Predicting geographic distribution and habitat suitability of Opuntia streptacantha in paleoclimatic, current, and future scenarios in Mexico

“…Geographic distribution models are relevant for ecological and biological conservation applications (Peterson et al, 2011 ; Phillips & Dudík, 2008 ) and allow to predict suitable environmental conditions for species as a function of environmental variables (Phillips et al, 2006 ). Ecological niche models, based on geographical records, are used to infer potential distribution pattern for a given species (Ibarra‐Díaz et al, 2016 ; Pérez‐García & Liria, 2013 ). This help to define the fundamental niche, which indicates the multivariate range of physiological tolerances to climatic variables, in which a given species will have positive growth rates (Soberón & Peterson, 2011 ).…”